厦门地区母亲不同孕龄患儿先天性心脏病高危的多因素分析

Multivariate Analysis of High Risk of Congenital Heart Disease in Children of Different Gestational Ages in Xiamen

目的研究分析厦门地区母亲不同孕龄患儿先天性心脏病(CHD)高危的多因素构成。方法研究对象选取2016年1月—2017年12月就诊我院经心脏彩超检查确定先天性心脏病的1 105位儿童的母亲作为病例组,同时选择在出生时间相差不超过1个月、相同性别的健康活产儿的母亲作为对照组。自制调查问卷,了解母亲孕前、孕期的生活习惯、疾病史、婚育史等情况,并对高危因素分析采用单因素或多因素条件Logistic回归进行分析。结果高龄产妇、孕期合并症、孕期心情不好、孕期服药、孕早期生病、流产史、不良生活习惯均是引起CHD的高危因素(P<0.05),母亲学历大学及以上为保护性因素(P<0.05)。结论厦门地区母亲不同孕龄患儿CHD的发生与多种高危因素有关,因此需加强孕前知识普及,定期产检,增强孕妇自我保护意识以减少CHD发生的风险。

Objective To study the risk factors of congenital heart disease（CHD） in children of different gestational ages in Xiamen. Methods The mothers of 1 105 congenital heart disease children identified by cardiac ultrasound examination from January 2016 to December 2017 in our hospital were selected as the case group, at the same time, mothers with healthy live births of the same gender and less than one month old were selected as the control group. Self-made questionnaires were used to understand the mother＇s pre-pregnancy and pregnancy habits, disease history, marriage and childbirth history, analysis of risk factors was carried out by using single-factor or multi-factor conditional logistic regression analysis. Results Older mothers, complications during pregnancy, poor mood during pregnancy, medication during pregnancy, illness in early pregnancy, miscarriage history, and bad living habits were high risk factors for CHD（P〈0.05）. Maternal college education was a protective factor（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The occurrence of CHD in children of different gestational ages in Xiamen is related to the multiple risk factors of mothers. It is necessary to strengthen the pre-pregnancy knowledge, regular production inspections, and enhance the self-protection awareness of pregnant women to reduce the risk of CHD.