6种诱芯对天牛科昆虫的诱捕效果

Comparative Efficiency of Six Synthetic Semiochemical Lures for Trapping Cerambycid Beetles

为了筛选利于天牛科(Cerambycidae)昆虫种群监测及高效诱捕的诱芯,2013年分别在黑龙江省哈尔滨市内、东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场老山观测站、东北林业大学凉水实验林场各设置1个样地,对天牛的6种不同信息素诱芯(混合1、混合2、…、混合6)进行了林间诱捕试验。2014年,根据首年试验结果,在帽儿山实验林场老山观测站选择2块云杉(Picea asperata)纯林样地,采用墨天牛属(Monochamus)信息素Monochamol,分别与利它素、植物源挥发物组合成诱芯,每种诱芯设4个重复,空白对照搭载无引诱剂的空白诱芯,对墨天牛属进行诱捕试验。首年试验结果表明,6种诱芯共诱捕到4个属天牛,共93头,包括墨天牛属67头、脊虎天牛属(Xylotrechus)22头、断眼天牛属(Tetropium)3头、花天牛属(Leptrua)1头。只有混合2诱芯具有广谱的诱捕效果,诱捕到了全部4个属天牛,且对各属天牛的诱捕效果无显著差异(P=0.274>0.05)。混合4对墨天牛属具有显著的诱捕效果(P=0<0.05),共诱捕到墨天牛属58头,其中云杉大黑天牛(M.urussori)4头,云杉小黑天牛(M.sutor)12头,云杉花墨天牛(M.saltuarius)42头,且对云杉花墨天牛的诱捕效果显著优于同属其他2种(P=0.019、0.008)。次年试验结果表明,墨天牛属信息素与植物源挥发物组合诱芯,对云杉花墨天牛的诱捕效果均优于这2种独立诱芯,且显著提升了雄性云杉花墨天牛的诱捕效果(P=0.040、0.039)。利它素对墨天牛属信息素诱捕效果未表现出显著影响。由此,在一般性天牛科昆虫调查和种群监测时,推荐使用混合2诱蕊;对于某地区墨天牛属天牛进行调查时,可以使用混合4诱蕊;而对云杉花墨天牛进行监测诱捕时,推荐使用墨天牛属信息素植物源挥发物组合诱芯。

In order to find an efficient lure for monitoring and mass-trapping cerambycid beetles, we used six different pheromone lure cores of longicorn （blend 1, blend 2, …, blend 6） to do forest trapping tests, set a sample area in Harbin, Maoershan and Liangshui. In the second year （2014）, based on the 2013 testing result, two pure spruce forested areas were chosed in Maoershan Laoshan Station, where we did forest trapping tests by using four repeats of Monochamol combined with kairomone and plant volatiles and one repeat of blank control with no lure. The test of first year showed that four genera of long horned beetles were caught by six kinds of lures, a total of 93, including 67 of Monochamus , 22 of Xylotrechus , 3 of Tetropium and 1 of Leptrua . Only blend 2 lure has a broad spectrum of trapping effect, which got all four genera, and there was no significant difference in four genera （ P =0.274〉0.05）. Blend 4 has a significant trapping effect on the Monochamus （ P =0.00〈0.05）, a total of 58, including 4 of M. urussori , 12 of M. sutor , 42 of M. saltuarius , and the results of the M. saltuarius are significantly better than the other two （ P =0.019 and 0.008）. The combination of pheromone and plant volatiles has better effects on the trapping of M. saltuarius than the two independent lure, and has significantly improved the trapping effect of male M. saltuarius （ P =0.040 and 0.039）. There was no significant effect of kairomone on the trapping effect of pheromone. Therefore, it is recommended to use blend 2 in general insect investigation and population monitoring; blend 4 can be used for the investigation of the M. saltuarius in a certain area; when monitoring and trapping M. saltuarius , it is recommended to use combination of plant volatile and pheromone.