己内酰胺基酸性低共熔剂对柴油的氧化脱硫:低共熔剂组成与催化反应活性（英文）

Oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel with caprolactam-based acidic deep eutectic solvents: Tailoring the reactivity of DESs by adjusting the composition

汽车尾气中硫化物的排放所导致的酸雨和PM2.5等环境污染问题广受关注.各个国家和地区也相继制定了严格的标准来控制柴油中的含硫量.加氢脱硫工艺成熟,但是需要在高温高压下进行,并且柴油中二苯并噻吩及其衍生物的位阻效应使得加氢脱硫难以将其脱除.氧化脱硫作为加氢脱硫的补充技术,以其反应条件温和等优点成为脱硫研究的重要课题.作为离子液体类似物,低共熔剂不仅具有离子液体的优点,而且无毒、生物可降解、价格低廉,且制备过程简单,是一种绿色溶剂.低共熔剂作为萃取剂和催化剂用于柴油的氧化脱硫中,展现出非常好的应用前景.尽管在低共熔剂氧化脱硫体系中氢键发挥着重要的作用,但是关于低共熔剂组成,氢键强度与氧化脱硫反应活性三者之间关系的探究相对缺乏.本文以己内酰胺和草酸为原料,调节二者配比制备了一系列己内酰胺基低共熔剂.通过差示扫描量热法、傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱以及热重分析对制备的低共熔剂进行表征,从而确定组成与氢键之间的关系.将制备的低共熔剂应用于氧化脱硫体系中,发现氧化脱硫率随着低共熔剂组成的变化而规律变化.此外,系统地研究了影响氧化脱硫效率的反应参数.结果表明,在优化的反应条件下,己内酰胺基酸性低共熔剂的脱硫率可以达到98%.该反应体系下,三种不同硫化物的脱除率按照以下顺序依次递减:二苯并噻吩>4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩>苯并噻吩.实验数据与表征结果表明,在低共熔剂氧化脱硫体系中氢键相互作用影响脱硫效率,而氢键相互作用则可以通过调节低共熔剂的组成来改变.该结果为了解柴油深度脱硫机理提供了新的思路.

Despite the significance of hydrogen bonding in deep eutectic solvents（DESs） for desulfurization processes, little is understood about the relationship between the DES composition, hydrogen-bonding strength, and oxidative desulfurization activity. In this study, a new family of caprolactam-based acidic DESs was prepared with different molar ratios of caprolactam and oxalic acid. The prepared DESs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analyses. These DESs were employed for oxidative desulfurization reactions and the desulfurization efficiency was found to vary regularly with the DES composition. The factors influencing the removal of dibenzothiophene were systematically investigated and the desulfurization efficiency of the caprolactam-based acidic DESs reached as high as 98% under optimal conditions. The removal of different sulfur compounds followed the order： dibenzothiophene 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene benzothiophene. The combined experimental data and characterization results revealed that the oxidative desulfurization efficiency of the system was influenced by the hydrogen bonding interactions with the DES, which can be optimized by adjusting the DES composition. These findings regarding hydrogen bonding in DESs provide new insight for better understanding of the mechanism of diesel deep desulfurization processes.