汉初奚涓鲁侯国与张偃鲁王国的变迁——兼论环境与时局屡变对鲁地风俗的影响

The Changes of Lu Principality of the Feudal Marquis Xi Juan and Lu Feudal Kingdom of Zhang Yan in Early Han Dynasty—— The Influence of Environment and Changing Situation on Lu State

战国后期及汉初,鲁地时局变动频繁,楚灭鲁,秦灭楚,鲁为项梁、楚怀王、项羽驻地;汉六年封功臣奚涓为鲁侯国,奚涓死事,无子,母刘疵代侯,惠帝七年改母侯刘疵封地为重平,高后元年四月置外孙张偃鲁王国,文帝元年废为南宫侯。张偃鲁王国至少有三地:鲁母侯刘疵的侯邑、鲁元公主琅邪食邑和城阳郡汤沐邑。鲁地风俗好学、重礼、谨慎小心,也存在识时务、与时俱进的传统,之所以如此,有历史文化传统的因素,也有鲁地自然地理环境的因素,更有战国后期及汉初鲁地时局屡变而无改于劳民使民之道的因素。

The political situation of Lu state changed frequently in the late period of the Warring States and early Han Dynasty. During that time, Chu Kingdom subjugated Lu Ducky, then Qin Kingdom subjugated Chu Kingdom, in the late Qin Dynasty Lu state successively became the garrison station of Xiang Liang, King Chu-huai and Xiang Yu; in the sixth year of Han , Emperor Gao of Han enfeoffed Lu state to the meritorious statesman Xi Juan as the feudal marquis; after Xi Juan’s death, his mother Liu Ci became the female feudal marquis because he didn’t have a heir. In the seventh year of Emperor Hui , her feud was removed to Chongping; in April of the first year of Queen Lyu, Queen Lyu enfeoffed Lu feudal kingdom to her grandson Zhang Yan; then Zhang Yan was relegated to be Nangong Marquis in the first year of Emperor Wen. Lu feudal kingdom of Zhang Yan has three feudal counties at least： the feud of Lu Principality, Langya County and Chengyang Shire, which had been the feuds of Princess Yuan of Lu. Lu state had the custom of studiousness, attentive to the ritual and caution while it also had the tradition of understanding and keeping pace with the times. The reason of which had several elements included historical and cultural tradition, physic-geographical environment and more importantly, the constant variation during the late period of the Warring States and early Han Dynasty as well as the same way of tiring and ruling people.