社会关系及社会文化对云南少数民族吸烟行为的影响

Influence of Social Relationship and Culture on Smoking Behaviours among the Ethnic Minorities in Yunnan Province

目的了解家庭、朋友、文化以及个体人口学特征对吸烟行为的直接和间接作用.方法经多阶段系统抽样,使用结构化问卷与量表,对云南省汉族、彝族和傈僳族3个民族共计977人,采用面对面访谈收集所需信息,利用描述、卡方检验、秩和检验和结构方程模型进行剖析.结果家庭有吸烟者(标准化回归系数β=0.14,P<0.01)、父母对吸烟持中立态度者(β=0.11,P<0.01)、朋友中有吸烟者(β=0.07,P<0.05)、吸烟意愿强者(β=0.26,P<0.01)、对他民族文化适应高者(β=0.05,P<0.05)和年龄大者(β=0.13,P<0.01)吸烟率高;女性(β=-0.39,P<0.01)、少数民族(β=-0.08,P<0.01)、家庭年收入高者(β=-0.06,P<0.05)吸烟率低.年龄和性别除直接影响吸烟行为外,还通过家庭年收入、家庭吸烟人数、父母对吸烟态度、吸烟意愿和朋友吸烟情况对吸烟行为产生间接作用.结论家庭、朋友、文化以及年龄和性别等综合因素对吸烟行为产生影响作用,对吸烟的控制应强调从人群出发,强调支持性环境的建设.

Objective To explore the direct and indirect effect of family, friend, culture, and other personal factors on individuals＇ smoking behaviors.Me thods A total of 977 Han people, Yi people and Lisu people were recruited by multistage systematic sampling. A structured questionnaire and scale were used to collect data by face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed by chi square test, rank sum test and structural equation model methods.Re s ults People whose family members were smokers（ standardized regression coefficient（ β=0.14）, or whose parents had neutral attitude on smoking（β= 0.11）, or who had smoking friends（β=0.07）,or who had strong willingness to smoke（β= 0.26）, or who had higher acculturation score to other ethnic groups（β=0.05）, or who were elder（β= 0.13） tended to have higher rate of current smoking While people who were females（β=-0.39）, or who belonged to ethnic minority groups（β=-0.08）, or who had higher annual family income（β=-0.06） had lower rate of current smoking. Age and gender not only affected current smoking status directly, but also affected it indirectly via family income, the number of family smoker, parent attitude on smoking, their willingness of smoking and the number of smoking friend.Conclus ion Family, friends,culture, age and gender affect smoking behavior comprehensively. Tobacco control should put more emphasis on crowed strategy and construction of supportive environment.