多肉植物在遵义地区引种栽培初探

Preliminary Study on the Succulent Plants Introduction and Cultivation in Zunyi

对遵义地区引种的20个多肉植物品种进行室内外引种栽培比较。结果表明,适宜在遵义地区室外引种的多肉植物有:天轮柱、酒瓶兰、金边毛里求斯、单刺团扇、金武团扇、象脚丝兰、金边龙舌兰、巨龙和凤尾丝兰,这9种植物成活率皆在80%以上,耐凝冻。其中,单刺团扇、金武团扇和金边毛里求斯虽在室外活率高,但叶片受到严重冻害仅剩中间新叶部分,12月至翌年5月期间观赏性差,因此不适宜在园林景观中引种栽培;天轮柱、酒瓶兰、象脚丝兰、金边龙舌兰、巨龙和凤尾丝兰6种植物可较快适宜引种地,短时间可以获得较好景观效果,适宜布置景观。其余11种植物,仅在温室中栽培,不适宜遵义地区低温气候,一旦受到低温凝冻等天气,很快就会死亡。目前,引种植物感染病虫害概率较小,易于控制。引种成活的植物,花期与原产地相同,有授粉条件的情况下可结果。

Comparative experiments were conducted on indoor and outdoor cultivation of 20 varieties of succulent plants introduced to Zunyi area. It is concluded that the plants suitable for outdoor introduction of Zunyi area are Cereus peruvianus, Beaucarnea recurvate, Furcraea selloa ‘Marginata＇, Opuntia monacantha, Opuntia tuna, Yucca elephantipes Regel, Agave americana var. Marginata, Agave sisalana var. coarctata and Yucca smalliana Fern. The survival rate of the 9 total species is more than 80%, and the frost resistance is resistant to freezing. The three plants of Opuntia monacantha, Opuntia tuna and Furcraea selloa ‘Marginata＇ suffer from severe frost damage and poor growth that they were less ornamental from December to May the following year. Therefore, these plants should not be introduced into garden landscape. The other 6 plants can be introduced and suitable for landscape design. The remaining 11 plants are not suitable for bottom cultivation. They are not suitable for the low temperature climate in Zunyi. Once they are frozen at low temperature, they will soon die. At present, the probability that plants should be infected with diseases and insect pests is small and easy to control. The plants that are introduced to survive can have the same florescence as their origin, and can be fruited with pollination conditions.