比较文学变异剖析——伍尔夫《一间自己的房间》在中国的变异

An Analysis of a Literature Variation Case——The Variation of Woolf's A Room of One's Own in China

比较文学变异学(Variation Study of Comparative Literature)是指对不同国家、不同文化的文学现象在影响交流中呈现出的变异状态的研究,探究比较文学变异的规律。为什么要研究比较文学变异学,其意义主要有如下几点:弥补西方比较文学学科理论的重大缺陷;确立不同文明文学比较的合法性;走出X+Y的中国比较文学研究困境;丰富与深化比较文学研究。比较文学变异学可以解释许多令人困惑的学术问题,例如:翻译文学是否外国文学的论争;创造性叛逆的合理性问题;西方文学中国化的理论依据问题;比较文学阐发研究的学理性问题;等等。文章即运用变异学方法做个案分析。通过考察伍尔夫《一间自己的房间》是如何成为徐志摩激励女学生奋发图强的蓝本,又如何被瞿世镜当作拯救受辱女性的法宝,力图从这部作品的变异中重新审视在跨文明的语境中文学变异的机制,及其在文本传播中发挥的创造性作用。

Variation study of comparative literature is a branch of research that studies variable states of the literary phenomena from different culture and countries in the process of transmission and influence,and explores the patterns behind the variation of literature. The significance of doing research on Variation Study of Comparative Literature can mainly be listed as follows.Firstly,to make up for the major defects of the western comparative literature theory. Secondly,to make literature comparison between different civilizations legitimate. Thirdly,to step out of the ＂X ＋ Y＂dilemma of Chinese comparative literature research.Fourthly,to enrich and deepen comparative literature research. Variation study of comparative literature can help to explain many confusing academic issues： for example,the debate on whether translated literature is foreign literature,the rationality of creative treason,the theoretical basis of western literature sinicization,the academic soundness of the interpretation study of comparative literature,etc. This is a new academic perspective. The variability study has great value in research and application,especially in the application of specific text analysis. However,many scholars don＇t know how to apply the method of the subject to analyze the literary works. This paper utilizes the method of variation to do a case study. A Room of One＇s Own written by Virginia Woolf,a feminist work deeply rooted in the hearts of Chinese people,has constantly generated new interpretation and variation in the dissemination of nearly a century due to various factors like cultural tradition,age,communicator and so on. The paper reviews the variation trajectory of this work in China,which was first translated by Xu Zhimo in 1928 and then retranslated by Qu Shijing in2000. Then the paper analyzes the different phenomenon of cultural variation which happened during interpretation of the same literary work. Through the study of how A Room of One＇s Own became Xu Zhimo＇s blueprint to encourage female students to work hard,and how it was regarded by Mr. Qu Shijing as a magic weapon to save offended women. The paper,from the variation of this work,tries to reexamine the mechanism of literary variation in cross-cultural context and its creative role in the dissemination of the work.