人工智能与人类智能:两套概念,两种语言游戏

Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence:Two Concepts and Games of Two Languages

人工智能的快速发展引发了一系列哲学问题,尤其是人工智能与人类智能的关系问题。维特根斯坦虽未能见证人工智能的大发展,却对机器感觉与思维乃至机器情感与意志问题做过不少论述,表达出对人工智能技术的前瞻性见解。他通过对与人工智能相关的诸多概念的语法考察,明确指出这些概念只有在人工智能研究领域内才能获得正当使用,而一旦越出这一领域与人类智能的相关概念相混同时,便会引发哲学上的混乱。这样的混乱正是维特根斯坦试图加以清除的。可借助他提出的"锤子比喻"来理解他关于人工智能与人类智能之关系的看法及其启发意义。

The rapid development of AI has given rise to a series of philosophical problems,especially that of the relation of AI and human intelligence. Having not witnessed the great advances of AI,Wittgenstein,nevertheless,wrote much about the sensation and thinking of machine,or even the feeling and will of machine,and expressed his forward-looking views about AI technology. He made it clear that the relevant concepts of AI could be used properly only within its own domain by making close grammatical investigations of relevant concepts. Once they were taken out of its field and confused with the concepts of human intelligence,many confusions in philosophy arose. It is such confusions that Wittgenstein aimed to remove. His hammer metaphor can help us to understand his view of the relation between AI and human intelligence and its enlightening significance.