社会组织参与城市公共安全风险治理的困境与优化路径——以上海联合减灾与应急管理促进中心为例

Problems and Solutions of Social Organizations' Participation in City Public Safety Risk Management——A Case Study of Shanghai Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Center

近年来,部分大城市发生了一系列重特大突出事件,给人民生命和财产带来巨大损失,如何从源头上治理城市安全风险成为亟待解决的课题。由于城市安全风险具有叠加性、复杂性、动态性等特点,政府传统的单一中心管理模式难以适应日益复杂的风险治理需要,而社会组织因其具备提供专业技术支持、广泛动员与整合社会资源、供给多样化公共安全服务产品等功能优势,能弥补政府"应急失灵"的问题。然而,社会组织参与城市安全风险治理也面临一系列困境,制约了其功能发挥。为此,需要优化社会组织参与城市公共安全风险治理的路径,充分发挥社会组织的功能和优势,有效地整合社会资源,协同参与城市风险治理,提高城市公共安全风险治理水平,从源头上防止突发事件的产生,确保城市运行安全。

Recently a series of emergent disastrous events in some big cities have resulted in heavy losses of life and property,and how to manage city safety risk is one of the urgent tasks to be dealt with. Since city safety risk is complex,dynamic and overlapping,it is difficult for the government to deal with more and more complicated risks in traditional,single and central management patterns. Social organizations can make up for＂emergence failures＂of government by their professional support,a wide mobilization,integration of social resources,and diverse public safety services. However,social organizations＇ participation in city public safety risk management encounter problems,and their functions are also restricted. It is necessary to optimize the routes of social organizations＇ participation in city public safety risk management,so as to give full play to the function and advantage of social organization,integrate social resources,coordinate participation in city risk management,and improve the city public safety risk management. Thus the emergent events can be prevented and city safety guaranteed.