环保榜样及其选树考核标准的学理探析

On Selection and Assessment of Environmental Protection Models

环保榜样是生态文明建设的先锋之一,然而在当下社会中,部分环保榜样难以广泛地使人信服。澄清环保榜样的应有之义,不仅能够提升榜样选树活动的实效,而且有利于生态文明建设的推进。笔者首先以探寻"环保榜样应具备的条件"为起点,基于结果主义与非结果主义伦理学理论和思想实验,展开学理分析,认为环保榜样应兼具环保社会效益、环保之心、与环保统一的生活系统、环保感召力四个条件。兼具这四个条件的主体,内在展现为客观理性和主观情感的交织、正确行动观念和美德观念的融合;外在体现为既能够获得结果主义者的青睐,也能够得到非结果主义者的认可,是一种真正意义上的环保榜样。其次,基于环保榜样应具备的四个条件进行推演,认为选树环保榜样时的考核标准应当具有环保社会效益度、生活系统与环保理念的契合度、大众赞赏度。最后,讨论了各项考核标准所占权重,按大小依次为大众赞赏度、生活系统与环保理念的契合度、环保社会效益度。

Environmental protection model is a kind of pioneer in ecological civilization construction.However,some of the models are not widely convincing in the society.Clarifying the content of models could not only enhance the effect of models election,but also promote ecological civilization construction.This paper aims to discuss environmental protection models from three aspects.First,the requirements for models of environmental protection are discussed in terms of ethical theory and thought experiment.It shows that environmental protection models must be the ones who have the characteristics like bringing environmental social benefits,willingness of environmental protection,living in an environment friendly style and with the popularity to appeal the public to follow.The characteristics are manifested not only as rationalities and emotions,but also as right actions and virtue ideas,which will be welcomed by the public.Second,the model assessments are discussed,which includs environmental protection benefit,coincidence between living and environmental ideas,and public appreciations.Lastly,the priority of the three standards is discussed.They are ranked with the order of public appreciations,coincidence between living and environmental ideas,and environmental protection benefit.