当事人陈述的异化困境与矫正路径

Dissimilation and Corrections of Litigant's Statement

当事人陈述证据功能"边缘化",在诉讼中的收集、审查与运用存在障碍,虚假陈述泛滥,当事人陈述在司法实践中发生异化。究其原因主要在于:当事人陈述的范围不明,证据性陈述与主张性陈述作用不明;法律规定的矛盾,导致司法实践的混乱;收集与审查程序处于真空状态;当事人虚假陈述预防与制裁失范。对于当事人陈述,英美法系国家与大陆法系国家采取不同的模式。考虑到我国民事诉讼的现状,应当首先理顺和完善相关立法,增加程序性规定,引入大陆法系国家的当事人询问程序,并加强对虚假陈述的惩戒力度。

The function of litigant statement as evidence has been＂marginalized＂.There are obstacles when litigant statement is collected,reviewed and applied in litigation.False statement is rampant and litigant statement is dissimilated in juridical practice.The main reasons are as follows：the scope of litigant statement is vague;The difference between evidence statements and claim statements is unclear;The contradictions of laws lead to confusion of judicial practice;No collection or examination procedures are formulated;No prevention and sanction regulations of false statements are instituted.Common law countries and civil law countries rule litigant statement differently.Taking into account the current situation of civil procedure in China,it is necessary to rationalize and improve relevant legislation,increase procedural provisions,draw from civil law countries＇ system and strengthen the punishment against false statements.