不同播期与移栽方式对烤烟生长发育与品质的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Transplanting Method on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

[目的]为探索不同播期与移栽方式对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响。[方法]设置不同播期与移栽方式,分析了烟株的农艺性状及经济指标,并通过赋值法探究烤后烟叶化学品质协调性及烟叶外观质量。[结果]随着播期的推迟,烟株的大田生育期缩短,中山试验区11月25日及永平11月30日播期的膜下移栽组合处理成熟期农艺性状、干物质积累量、经济性状及外观质量最优。烟叶化学品质受播期及移栽方式的影响,随着移栽期的推迟,总糖和还原糖呈先上升后下降的趋势,淀粉含量、总氮含量和烟碱含量逐渐下降,而钾含量和氯含量则增加;膜下移栽处理提高了总糖和还原糖含量,降低了烟叶淀粉含量。[结论]中山试验区11月25日播期及永平11月30日播期的膜下移栽处理下烤烟化学成分协调性及外观质量指数综合评分较高,烟叶品质较好。

[Objective] To explore different sowing dates and transplanting methods on the effects of flue-cured tobacco growth and quality.[Method]Different sowing dates and transplanting modes were designed. The agronomic traits and economic indicators of tobacco plant were analyzed. And the coordination chemistry quality and appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco were explored by the assignment method. [Result]With the delaying of sowing date,the growth period in the field of tobacco were shorter. The agronomic traits,the accumulation of dry matter and the economic characters as well as the appearance quality optimal of flue-cured tobacco were best under the experimental condition of sowing on November 25 under plastic film mulching in Zhongshan and sowing on November 30 under plastic film mulching in Yongping. The chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco was affected by sowing date and transplanting mode. As the transplanting period delayed,total sugar and reducing sugar firstly enhanced and then reduced. Starch content,total nitrogen and nicotine content decreased gradually,but the content of potassium and chlorine content increased. The treatment of under plastic film mulching increased the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar,and decreased the content of starch. [Conclusion]The chemical components harmony index and appearance quality indexes were higher under the treatments of sowing on November 25 under plastic film mulching in Zhongshan and sowing on November 30 under plastic film mulching in Yongping.