不同优化平衡施肥措施对冬小麦田间群体微环境的影响

Effects of different optimum and balanced fertilization practices on micro-environment within winter wheat′s group

以长期不施肥(CK)为对照,研究氮磷钾配施(NPK)、氮磷钾与有机肥配施(NPKM)、氮磷钾与秸秆还田配施(NPKS)的优化平衡施肥措施对冬小麦田间群体微环境的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,NPK、NPKM、NPKS施肥措施能够有效降低灌浆期小麦群体的冠层温度和拔节期、灌浆期群体内地表温度,获得较高的籽粒产量。不同优化平衡施肥措施对温度影响依次为NPKM>NPK>NPKS。小麦灌浆期,2014年NPK、NPKM、NPKS处理的冠层温度比CK处理低3.53~4.04℃;小麦拔节期,NPK、NPKM、NPKS处理的群体内地表温度比CK处理低10.56~11.78℃(2013年)、0.41~4.60℃(2014年),灌浆期比CK处理低8.32~11.14℃(2013年)、6.79~9.30℃(2014年)。此外,平衡施肥措施对群体内环境CO_2浓度有一定的调节效果,对群体内相对湿度调节不明显。

The effects of different opfinmm and balanced fertilization practices including NPK （Inorganic N and P and K fertilizer）, NPKM （inorganic N, P, and K fertilizer with manure ）, and NPKS（ inorganic N, P, and K fertilizer with manure straw ）, on micro-environment within winter wheat＇s group was studied. The results showed that, compared with C K（no fertilizer）, NPK, NPKM, and NPKS treatments could effectively reduce the winter wheat＇ s group canopy temperature at filling stage, surface ground temperature at elongation stage and filling stage, and obtain higher grain yields;and the influence order was NPKM〉NPK〉NPKS. At filling stage, wheat＇s canopy temperature of NPK, NPKM, and NPKS treatment was reduced by 3.53-4.04℃ in 2014 compared with CK; likely, wheat group inner ground temperature at elongation stage was reduced by 10.56-11.78℃ in 2013 and 0.41-4.60℃ in 2014, respectively, and 8.32-11.14℃ in 2013 and 6.79-9.30℃ in 2014 of wheat group inner ground temperature at filling stage was reduced. Additionally, NPK, NPKM, and NPKS practices had quite little influences on carbon dioxide （CO2） contents within the wheat＇s group and had no significant effects on relative humidity within the wheat＇ s group.