高温胁迫下黄嘌呤脱氢酶基因超表达对水稻幼苗的保护作用

Protective Roles of Over-expression of OsXDH in Rice Seedlings Under High Temperature Stress

【目的】黄嘌呤脱氢酶(xanthine dehydrogenase,XDH)是嘌呤代谢的关键酶。通过分析高温胁迫对Os XDH超表达转基因水稻株系幼苗叶片生理指标的影响,探究XDH缓解水稻高温胁迫的生理机制。【方法】以Os XDH超表达转基因株系(xdh1和xdh5)及受体品种日本晴(WT)为材料,研究了高温胁迫对水稻幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、相对含水量、可溶性蛋白含量、活性氧代谢、抗氧化酶活性、XDH活性及嘌呤代谢产物尿囊素(allantoin)和尿囊酸(allantoate)含量等生理指标的影响。【结果】高温胁迫处理前,超表达株系的叶绿素含量、相对含水量、可溶性蛋白含量、活性氧代谢及抗氧化酶活性等生理指标均与野生型无显著差异;高温胁迫5 d,超表达株系的叶绿素、相对含水量、可溶性蛋白含量及抗氧化酶活性均高于野生型,而过氧化氢(H2O2)及丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著低于野生型;适温恢复生长5 d,野生型和超表达株系的叶绿素含量、相对含水量及可溶性蛋白含量均有所提高,超表达株系均高于野生型,H2O2和MDA的含量降低,超表达株系均低于野生型;受高温诱导超表达株系与野生型中XDH酶活性及尿囊素和尿囊酸的含量均提高,且在整个处理过程中超表达转基因株系均高于野生型。【结论】XDH通过调控酰脲类物质的合成,补偿自身的抗氧化能力并增强抗氧化酶系统的活性,从而有效提高水稻幼苗对高温胁迫的耐受能力。

【Objective】Xanthine dehydrogenase（XDH） is considered as a key enzyme in purine metabolism. This paper aims to reveal the physiological mechanism of XDH to relieve high temperature stress by analyzing the physiological indexes of rice seedling leaves differed in expression level of Os XDH under high temperature stress. 【Method】In this work, chlorophyll content, relative water content, soluble protein content, reactive oxygen metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities, XDH activity, allantoin and allantoate contents were measured under high temperature stress in Os XDH over-expressed transgenic lines and wild type during seedling stage. 【Result】The results revealed that there were no significant difference between wild type and transgenic lines in all tested physiological parameters except XDH activity and ureides（allantoin and allantoate） content before high temperature stress. After high temperature stress for 5 days, compared with the transgenic lines, seedlings of wild type showed significantly decreased chlorophyll content, relative water content, soluble protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activities, but significantly increased contents of H2 O2 and Malondialdehyde（MDA）. As we know that chlorophyll content, relative water content, and soluble protein content all increased in transgenic lines and wild type after post-stress recovery, especially in transgenic lines. H2 O2 and MDA content all decreased. For transgenic lines, these indexes were lower than those in wild type. The XDH enzyme activity and purine metabolites allantoin and allantoate contents in the wild type and transgenic lines were induced by high temperature. Os XDH over-expressed transgenic lines had significantly higher XDH enzyme activity and allantoin and allantoate contents compared with wild type throughout the process. 【Conclusion】XDH can effectively improve the tolerance of rice seedlings to high temperature stress by regulating the synthesis of ureides, compensating their antioxidant capacity and enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes.