妊娠期糖尿病患者胎盘组织Akt和GLUT-1表达与新生儿体重的相关性分析

Analysis on Correlation of Akt and GLUT-1 Expressions in Placental Tissue of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Neonatal Weight

目的分析GDM患者胎盘组织Akt和GLUT-1表达水平与新生儿体重的相关性。方法选取我院收治的40例GDM患者(观察组)和40例健康孕妇(对照组),比较两组的临床资料、新生儿体重和分娩后胎盘组织Akt和GLUT-1表达水平。结果观察组的年龄、孕前BMI、孕期体重增加、FPG和HbA1C水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组的Akt和GLUT-1表达水平比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。经胰岛素处理后,两组的Akt和GLUT-1表达水平均明显升高(P<0.05),观察组的Akt和GLUT-1表达水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,新生儿体重与Akt表达水平呈明显负相关性(r=-0.643,P<0.05),与GLUT-1表达水平也呈明显负相关性(r=-0.708,P<0.05)。结论胎盘组织Akt和GLUT-1表达水平降低和胰岛素抵抗是GDM发病的分子基础,进而造成胎儿蛋白质、脂肪合成过剩,发育过度,出生体重增加。

Objective To analyze the correlation of Akt and GLUT-1 expressions in placental tissue of GDM patients and neonatal weight. Methods 40 cases of GDM patients（observation group） and 40 cases of healthy pregnant women（control group） admitted to our hospital were selected. The clinical data, neonatal weight and the expression levels of Akt and GLUT-1 in placenta tissue after delivery were compared between the two groups. Results The age, BMI before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, and FPG and HbA1C levels of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P〈0.05）. Statistical difference was found in the expression levels of Akt and GLUT-1 between the two groups（P〈0.05）. After insulin treatment, the expression levels of Akt and GLUT-1 of two groups significantly increased（P〈0.05）, and the expression levels of Akt and GLUT-1 of the observation group were lower than those of the control group（P〈0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the neonatal weight was negatively correlated with the Akt expression level（r =-0.643, P〈0.05）, and also was negatively correlated with the GLUT-1 expression level（r =-0.708, P〈0.05）.Conclusions Decreased expression levels of Akt and GLUT-1 in placenta tissue and the insulin resistance are the molecular basis of GDM pathogenesis, resulting in excess of fetal protein, fat synthesis, overgrowth and birth weight gain.