基于遗传算法的温度PID智能控制系统设计

Design of temperature intelligent PID control system based on genetic algorithm

针对经典PID控制无法有效解决温度控制系统普遍存在的非线性和延迟性等问题,提出了基于遗传算法和智能PID的复合控制结构.采用单片机、铂电阻和TEC制冷器分别作为控制处理器、温度传感器和温控执行器来设计温度控制系统,构建了智能PID控制算法来动态调整控制过程中的PID三个参数,并利用遗传算法的快速搜索能力对控制参数进行优化.结果表明,该系统的温度控制范围为10~55℃,控制精度为±0.03℃,超调量小于15%,具有较好的工程应用前景.

Aiming at the problem that the classical PID control is difficult to solve such problems as nonlinearity and latency generally existing in the temperature control system,a composite control structure based on genetic algorithm and intelligent PID was proposed. The temperature control system was designed through taking the single-chip microcomputer,platinum resistor and TEC cooler as the control processor,temperature sensor and temperature control actuator respectively. An intelligent PID control algorithm was constructed to dynamically adjust three parameters of PID in the control process. Furthermore,the fast search ability of genetic algorithm was used to optimize the control parameters. The results showthat the temperature control range of the system is from 10 ℃ to 55 ℃,the temperaturee control accuracy is ± 0. 03 ℃,and the overshoot is less than 15%. Hence,the designed system has better enginnering application prospect.