三维自由弯曲成形装备及其关键技术

3D Free-bending Forming Equipment and Key Technology

作为一种新型柔性成形技术,三维自由弯曲技术特别适用于具有复杂空间轴线、异形截面的空心构件。主要综述了三维自由弯曲成形技术的发展历程、成形装备的发展过程以及国内外的研究现状。在此基础上,重点分析了三维自由弯曲成形装备的5种典型构型及其机构运动原理,介绍了5种构型的各自特点及工程应用,并对自由弯曲成形装备的关键技术如过渡段处理技术、有限元数值模拟技术、难变形材料自由弯曲热成形技术等方面进行综述,并结合笔者的研究经历对管材自由弯曲成形研究中存在的问题进行了简要分析。最后,对管材三维自由弯曲成形技术及装备在航空航天、核电、汽车、医疗等领域的应用前景进行了分析和展望。

As a new flexible forming technology, three-dimensional free-bending technology is very suitable to be used for hollow component of complex space axis and deformed section. In this paper, development process of free-bending forming technology and forming equipment as well as current research status at home and abroad were introduced in details. Characteristics, working principles and engineering application of five typical configurations were analyzed selectively on this basis. Afterwards, key technologies of the free-bending system such as the transition section processing technology, FE simulation technology and hot bending technology were systematically explained and problems in free-bending forming of pipes were analyzed in combination with experience of the author. In the end, the engineering application and the potential application prospect of the system were analyzed and prospected.