“大小传统”视域下《诗经》中礼物的表达意义

The Expressive Significance of Gifts in the Book of Songs from the Perspective of “Big and Small Traditions”

在《诗经》中,礼物既被用以经纬人事,又指向神秘世界,以交神明;小传统中的礼物以表达情意为目的,而大传统视域下的礼物被用于贡赐和祭祀,一方面带有权力迁移、伦常建构意味,另一方面表征出精英阶层向神致其敬意,协调时空,从而祈求"寿考万年"之终极关怀;礼物在人与人之间,阶级与阶级间,甚至时空之间的流转过程中,超越了实体形态,而具有了情感表达,政治关系维系和宗教观念表达的意义。

In the Book of Songs, gifts are used both to warp people and to point to the mysterious world in order to communicate with the gods. Gifts in small traditions are intended to express affection, while gifts from the perspective of the Great tradition are used for tribute and sacrifice. On the one hand, it has the meaning of power transfer and construction, on the other hand, it represents the elite to pay respect to God and coordinate time and space. In the process of circulation between people, class and class, and even between time and space, the gift transcends the physical form, and has the significance of emotional expression, political relationship maintenance and religious concept expression.