国外学界《共产党宣言》百年评价史述要

A Brief Introduction to the History of the 100 Years' Evaluations on the Communist Manifesto in the Foreign Academia

2018年是《共产党宣言》发表170周年,也是马克思诞辰200周年。梳理对《宣言》的百年评价史应当是纪念这部人类不朽著作和伟大导师马克思的最好方式之一。170年来,人们评价《宣言》的文献很多,梳理国外学界的主要观点,包括恩格斯辞世后第二国际后期思想家们的评价、十月革命后社会主义国家学术界的评价以及资本主义国家学术界的评价,得出几点结论:《宣言》的思想代表着人类发展的方向;要把《宣言》置于社会主义思想史、人类思想史和人类文明史的高度来看待;评价《宣言》要坚持科学标准即历史标准和道德标准的统一;要坚持《宣言》的科学思想,又要避免教条主义,善于在实践中创新马克思主义。

The year 2018 marks the 170 th anniversary of the Communist Manifesto as well as the 200 th anniversary of Marx＇s birth.Carding the 100-year history of the evaluations of Manifestoshould be one of the best ways to commemorate this immortal work of mankind and the great teacher Marx.In the past 170 years,there has been a lot of literature about the evaluations of Manifesto.By sorting out the main ideas of foreign academia,including the thinkers＇ evaluations of the post period of the Second International（1889-1914）after the death of Engels as well as the evaluations of the academia of socialist countries and the capitalist countries after the October Revolution（1917）,several conclusions are drawn from those,namely,the thoughts of Manifesto represent the direction of human development;we should regard the Manifestoin the height of the history of socialist ideology,the history of human thought and the history of human civilization;we should adhere to the scientific standards when evaluate the Manifesto,which is the unification of historical and moral standards;and we should also stick to the scientific thoughts of the Manifesto,avoid dogmatism and be good at innovating Marxism in practice.