“道德运气”问题与道德哲学的当代发展——基于伯纳德·威廉斯的批判性立场

The Problem of Moral Luck and the Modern Development of Moral Philosophy——Based on the Critical Standpoint of Bernard Williams

"道德运气"是一种被认为由于违背"可控原则"而具有"自相矛盾"特性的道德现象,这一概念自1976年被伯纳德·威廉斯等人提出以来,一直是当代道德哲学中的重要议题之一。基于威廉斯的批判性立场,"道德运气"问题的争议性体现的是近代以来,以康德主义和功利主义为代表的西方道德哲学的发展导致了行为人与其生活的分离,并意味着道德哲学理论的发展必须与日常生活的具体实践相结合。

＂Moral Luck＂is a moral phenomenon with the characteristic of being thought of as being＂oxymoronic＂,because of its repellent to ＂control principle＂.Since 1976 this concept raised by Bernard Williams and others has always been one of the important issue in the study of contemporary moral philosophy.Based on the critical standpoint of Williams,the controversy of the problem of＂moral luck＂represents the separation of agents and their daily lives which result from the development of western moral philosophy,including the pursuit of universalization and utmost value of morality and with the representative of Kantian Deontology and utilitarianism.It means that the development of moral philosophy theory has to combine with the specific practices of daily life.