澳大利亚联邦渔业立法研究

On the fisheries legislation of the Commonwealth of Australia

澳大利亚是渔业管理绩效最好的国家之一。渔业立法主要包括《1991年渔业管理机构法》《1991年渔业管理法》和相关的实施性条例、渔业管理计划等行政立法。设立了可转让的特许捕捞权制度以及渔业研发和管理成本部分恢复制度,规定了渔业科学家和捕捞企业界参与渔业管理决策的法定途径,并积极批准和全面实施国际渔业条约法,建立了包括国防军在内的多部门协作执法机制,将严格责任犯罪引入渔业立法,严厉而不失灵活地惩治外国渔船非法捕捞行为。立法目的的可度量性,所设计之法律制度和措施的科学性、实用性以及民主、透明的决策程序以及海上协作渔业执法机制等都是值得中国立法借鉴的。

Australia is recognised as one of the best countries for fisheries management performance. Its main pieces of fishery legislation include Fisheries Administration Act 1991,Fisheries Management Act 1991 and relevant executive legislation known as regulations and fishery management plan etc. The legal regimes for transferable fishing concessions and partial cost recovery of fisheries RD and management are created. The statutory channels for the fishery scientists and fishing industry to participate the decision-making of fishery management are established. Australia actively ratifies,accepts and comprehensively implements the international treaties of fisheries,and establishes coordinative enforcement mechanism involving the civilian authorities and the Defence Force. Fishing offences of strict ability are created to punish the illegal fishing by the foreign boats severely and flexibly. Measurability of statutory objectives,scientificity and practicality of legal regimes and measures designed,democratic and transparent procedures for decision-making of fisheries management,coordinative maritime enforcement mechanism of fisheries law and may be used in amending Chinese fisheries law.