极地环境监测网的设计及其在南极普里兹湾的应用

Design of polar environment monitoring networks of China and demonstration on Prydz Bay

为了保护南极和北极的生态系统和环境,中国自20世纪90年代初开始推行和实施了极地环境监测计划,部署了各学科监测传感器阵列;采集了多学科数据,包括海洋、大气、冰冻圈、生物圈等主题;架构了"R/V雪龙号破冰船—极地考察站—国内基地"之间的快速数据传输网络;建立了海洋环境监测系统、太阳能地面空间监测系统、生态环境监测系统等系列监测系统。为了实现长期监测,达到预测和预警目标,本文针对国内外现状,在现有基础上设计了一套中国极地环境长期监测网(Polar Environment monitoring network of China,CPEMN)。该监测网集成各监测系统并在监测指标设计上覆盖我国极地所有常规监测/观测任务,且根据国际科研动态和长期监测规划拓展了预期监测范围。最后本文利用南极普里兹湾进行的破冰导航应用示范验证了CPEMN具有可执行性。

China has promoted and implemented an environmental monitoring program and arrayed multidisciplinary monitoring sensors since the early 1990s to protect polar environment and the associated dependent ecosystems. Multidisciplinary data, including hydrological, meteorological, geophysical, and biological, were collected. A rapid data transmission network connecting R/V Xuelong, polar stations, and domestic berth was framed. A series of monitoring systems were set up, including marine environment monitoring system, solar–terrestrial space monitoring system, and ecological environment monitoring system. For forecasting and prediction based on long-term monitoring, this study designed a long-term China Polar Environmental Monitoring Network （CPEMN） based on the existing work. All the conventional monitoring works in China were covered in the design objectives of this network. We also expanded the monitoring works according to new international developments and long-term planning. CPEMN has been proved to be performable and exemplary in the ice-breaking navigation work in the Antarctic Prydz Bay.