经颅超声在帕金森病诊断中的应用进展

Application progress of transcranial ultrasonography in diagnosis of Parkinson′s disease

帕金森病(PD)是一种中老年人常见的神经系统退行性病变,临床症状包括运动性及非运动性,由于病因尚未明确及目前医疗水平有限,其误诊率及漏诊率较高。目前对该疾病的治疗仅限于控制症状、延缓病情,尚无根治方法,其晚期致残率高,严重影响患者的晚年生活质量。经颅超声是近年来兴起的一项影像学检查方法,具有价格适中、安全、操作时间短等优势,受到了越来越多研究者们的关注。其可清晰显示各个平面的中脑、皮层下结构的二维显示图像,为PD的诊断及鉴别诊断提供重要的影像学依据,大大减少了PD患者的误诊率及漏诊率,尽可能做到早期发现、早期干预,减轻疾病对患者的影响。目前,经颅超声已成为了一种被广泛使用的神经影像学检查方法。

Parkinson′s disease（PD） is a common degenerative disorder of the nervous system in middle-aged and old people. The clinical symptoms include motor and non motor. The misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate are high because the cause of the disease is not clear and the medical level is limited. At present, the treatment of the disease is limited to the control of symptoms, delay the condition, there is no radical cure, its late deformity rate is high, which seriously affects the quality of life in the late years of the patient. Transcranial ultrasound is a new method of imaging examination, which has been developed in recent years. It has the advantages of moderate price, safety and short operation time. It has attracted more and more researchers′ attention. It can clearly display the two-dimensional display images of the mesencephalon and subcortical structures of each plane, and provide an important imaging basis for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD. It can greatly reduce the misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate of PD patients, and do the early detection and early intervention as much as possible to reduce the impact of the disease on the patients. At present, transcranial ultrasound has become a widely used neuroimaging examination method.