腐植酸复合微生物肥料对高龄猕猴桃果园土壤改良及果实品质的影响

Effects of Humic Acid Compounded Microbial Fertilizer on Soil Improvement and Fruit Quality of Elderly Kiwifruit Orchard

为了改善陕西眉县高龄猕猴桃果园土壤存在由过量施肥及连作障碍导致的各项营养指标日趋恶化的严重问题,通过大田试验,以果农传统施肥为对照,研究3种不同腐植酸复合微生物肥料JY、KY、JKY对高龄猕猴桃生育期内(开花期、发芽期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期、次年发芽期)土壤养分系统的动态影响及最终果实品质的提高作用。结果表明,3种复合微生物肥料均能显著提高猕猴桃果园土壤细菌、放线菌、酵母菌数量,降低真菌数量,以改善和平衡土壤微生物群落结构;复合微生物肥料也能显著提高猕猴桃果园土壤酶活性(其中,JKY的应用效果最为显著,其蔗糖酶活性在不同时期分别较对照高出48.65%~255.51%、磷酸酶较对照高出30.23%~60.23%、多酚氧化酶较对照高出106.22%~182.04%、蛋白酶较对照高出13.74%~126.12%、脲酶较对照高出21.17%~177.41%),增强土壤肥力(硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质含量显著提高),降低土壤p H(其中,JKY组土壤p H较对照下降了0.25~0.48个单位);复合微生物肥料能够提高猕猴桃果实维生素C和可溶性糖含量,降低可滴定酸含量。综合分析表明,3种复合微生物肥料均能改良高龄猕猴桃果园土壤,提高猕猴桃果实品质,该研究结果可为微生物肥料在猕猴桃上的合理利用提供理论依据。

In order to solve the serious problem caused by excessive fertilization and continuous cropping obstacles that soil nutritional indexes of elderly kiwifruit orchard gradually worsen in Meixian,Shaanxi,the influence of applying three different microbial fertilizers mixed with humic acid on dynamic of soil nutrients system in growth periods of kiwifruit（germination,florescence,fruit enlargement,fructescence and next germination period）and fruit quality were studied through field experiment by using traditional fertilization as control（CK）. The result showed that three kinds of compound microbial fertilizers could significantly increase the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and yeasts in kiwifruit rhizosphere,and reduce the number of fungi,so as to improve and balance the soil microbial community structure;These treatments could significantly increase soil enzyme activity of kiwifruit（especially JKY,whose effect was most remarkable,its sucrase was 48.65%-255.51% higher than that of CK in different periods,phosphatase was 30.23%-60.23% higher than that of CK,polyphenol oxidase was 106.22%-182.04% higher than CK,protease increased 13.74%-126.12% compared with CK,and urease was 21.17%-177.41%）,enhance soil fertility（nitrate and ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and organic matter content increased significantly）,and decrease soil pH（the soil pH in the JKY group decreased by 0.25-0.48 units compared with the control）.Compound microbial fertilizers could increase fruit firmness and vitamin C,soluble sugar content of kiwifruit,and reduced the content of titratable acid. Comprehensive analysis showed that the three kinds of compound microbial fertilizer could improve elderly kiwifruit orchard soil,improve the quality of the kiwi fruit.