《向加泰罗尼亚致敬》与西班牙内战

Homage to Catalonia and the Spanish Civil War

奥威尔根据自己的亲身经历撰写的《向加泰罗尼亚致敬》,不仅标志着其创作生涯的转折,而且在其整个政治思想历程中占有重要地位。"向加泰罗尼亚致敬"一题,既是作为战士的奥威尔向西班牙社会革命的致敬,也是作为作家的奥威尔向个人思想成长历程的致敬。书中将历史事件与个人自传相结合,展现了内战中各个政党、工会组织间的武装冲突和意识形态的斗争。但作品中存在对西班牙内战局势的诸多误读与误写,反映了作者本人的思想与情感倾向,同时也深刻地影响了他的后期创作。本文将结合西班牙内战史学的相关研究,从三个方面的对立分析作品对内战的误读与误写,即自由平等与政令统一的对立;坚持战争与赢得革命的对立;独立作战与人民阵线的对立。

Orwell wrote Homage to Catalonia in accordance to his own experience in the Spanish Civil War, marking a turning point in his writing career. The war experiences had exerted great influence on Orwell＇s political thoughts. The title Homage to Catalonia is Orwell＇s homage to the social revolution in Spain as a soldier as well as his homage to his own growth as a writer. In this memoir, Orwell combined historical events with autobiography to show the struggle of different parties and trade unions in armed conflicts and ideologies. Homage to Catalonia also profoundly influenced his later writings. However, there are many misinterpretations and misdescriptions of the war in the work, which reflects the author＇s ideology and emotional tendencies. This paper analyzes Orwell＇s misinterpretations and misdescriptions in three aspects, namely, confrontations between freedom and equality as well as the unity of decree; confrontations between the success of the revolutionary cause and the victory of war; antagonism between the independent war and the popular front.