不同类型邻避运动的成因及其治理

The Study on the Causes and Governance of Different Types Nimby Movement

近年来邻避运动频发,这是经济发展与社会进步的必然现象。目前,邻避运动主要有污染类、风险集聚类、污名化类、心理不悦类四种。不同类型邻避运动的成因既有共同点也有其特殊的产生机理。对这些共同诱因和特殊诱因分别进行分析发现,对邻避运动的共同治理手段是构建更开放的决策模式、合理的补偿机制、保持风险认知一致。污染类与风险集聚类邻避运动的治理更侧重于宣传教育、争取居民认可以弱化冲突;污名化类邻避运动的治理则需加强治安管理、注重平衡受影响居民和被污名化群体两者间的利益避免衍生新矛盾;心理不悦类邻避运动的治理应强调邻避设施外观设计的舒适感。

The nimby movement occurs frequent in recent years, which is an inevitable phenomenon of economic development and social progress. At present, there are four kinds of nimby movement： pollution, risk agglomeration, stigma and mental displeasure. The causes of different types of nimby movement have their similarities and their special mechanism. The analysis of these common causes and special inducements finds that the common strategy for the governance of nimby movement is to build open decision-making model, reasonable compensation mechanism and consistent risk cognition. The governance of pollution class and risk agglomeration nimby movement is largely focused on promoting education and gaining residents＇ recognition to weaken the conflict. The governance of the stigmatized nimby movement needs to strengthen the administration of public security, and pay attention to the interests of the affected residents and the stigmatized groups to avoid the new contradictions. The governance of mental displeasure nimby movement should emphasize the comfort of the design of facilities.