“返乡体”如何写?——20世纪30年代“农村通讯”写作的历史借镜

How to Write Works about "Returning Home" as a Literary Genre: On the history of "Rural Communication" Writing in the 1930s

"农村通讯"特指20世纪30年代中国农村经济研究会会刊《中国农村》"农村通讯"栏目刊载的农村社会调查报告。作为一种"非虚构"的特殊文类,"农村通讯"一方面为读者多方位呈现当时中国农村社会的真实图景;另一方面亦与中国共产党的革命理论相呼应,由此形成理论与事实的互释,有效扩大了"中国农村派"的社会影响力。"农村通讯"文体注重思想与情感表达的两相合宜,与当今的"返乡体"书写亦具有某种内在的精神关联,藉此鉴照出后者存在的若干缺陷:缺乏正确的思想与价值观作引领;匮缺科学的社会调查和相关专业知识与学术训练。

The ＂Rural Communication＂ discussed in this paper refers to the rural social survey report published in ＂Rural China＂, the Journal of China Rural Economic Research Association in the 1930 s. As a ＂non-fictional＂ special genre, ＂rural communication＂ on the one hand multi-directionally presents the real picture of China＇s rural society for readers; on the other hand it echoes the revolutionary theory of the Chinese Communist Party, thus forming mutual interpretation of the theory and the facts and effectively expanding the social influence of ＂the school of rural China＂. The style of ＂rural communication＂ pays attention to the appropriateness of thought and emotion, and it also has some kind of intrinsic spiritual association with today＇s ＂return home＂ writing, from which can be seen a number of defects of the latter： lack of correct thinking and values to lead; lack of scientific social survey and related professional knowledge and academic training.