基于汉语新闻语篇的“首都/国家代政府”转喻研究

A Study of “CAPITAL/COUNTRY FOR GOVERNMENT” Metonymy in Chinese Newspaper Reports

"首都代政府"转喻在英语媒体屡见不鲜,可以表达媒体客观、中立的观点。这种转喻形式既可用于指称他国政府,也可指代本国政府,以表示媒体对政府所持的批评态度。一份媒体在观念、情感上跟政府立场越接近,就越少使用"首都代政府"转喻。探讨了汉语新闻语篇中可能出现的"首都代政府"转喻现象,发现因历史文化原因汉语新闻语篇采用不同的方式来表达新闻作者客观公正的立场。不管是谈及自己国家的政府、友好国家的政府,还是关系紧张的国家或霸权国家的政府,汉语新闻语篇非常普遍地使用"国家代政府"转喻或"国名简称+方(如美方)"来指代该国政府。转喻使用既是一种认知现象,也是一种文化现象。

It has long been found that＂CAPITAL FOR GOVERNMENT＂metonymy is most often used in English news reports. The journalists use this form of metonymy to criticize or show their neutral or objective stance towards the events they report and the government involved. The closer a medium stands to a government in terms of beliefs and emotion, the less likely the use of the metonymy. However, the present paper comes to a very different conclusion. It seems that Chinese newspapers have very different ways to express their objective and neutral stance. No matter whether it is about our own government, or the governments of other countries,friendly or not, China＇s media tend to use＂Name of a country for the government＂metonymy. It is concluded,therefore, that the use of metonymy can differ greatly from culture to culture.