生物转化过程中的能量驱动与再生

Energy drive and regeneration in biotransformation

生物转化在生物化工领域具有至关重要的作用,其过程中伴随着能量的消耗和释放,因此在设计与调控生物转化过程时,能量的供应与平衡是非常关键的因素。若通过外源直接供能的方式驱动反应,如直接添加含能辅因子,则反应效率无法令人满意且成本较高。为了持续推动催化反应的高效进行,引入能量循环以及含能辅因子的再生系统具有重要的意义及必要性。对目前研究较多的三种能量循环再生系统进行综述,并对其在代谢工程等领域的发展现状进行讨论,同时对其在体外无细胞催化过程中的应用进行展望。

Biotransformation plays a crucial role in biochemical industry, and the biotransformation process is accompanied by energy consumption and release. Therefore, in the design and regulation of biological transformation process, the supply and the balance of energy is a very crucial factor. If the exogenous energy is supplied directly to drive the reaction, such as the addition of energetic cofactors, the reaction efficiency will be not satisfactory and the cost is high. To promote the efficiency of the catalytic reaction continuously, the introduction of energy recycling and energetic cofactors regeneration system is of great significance and necessity. The current research on three kinds of energy recycling system is reviewed, its development in the field of metabolic engineering is discussed, and its application in cell-free catalytic process is applying in the future.