不同规模农户玉米生产效率比较研究

Comparative Study on the Relationship between Scale and Production Efficiency of Maize Farmers

基于黑龙江省271个玉米种植户投入产出数据,运用DEA-Tobit模型探究农户经营规模与生产效率的关系,测算比较传统小户(0~2 hm^2)、传统大户(2~6.67 hm^2)和规模经营农户(6.67 hm^2以上)的生产效率,考察不同规模农户的组织化程度、规模化经营水平、土地特征等因素对生产效率的影响。通过实证分析得出农户经营规模与生产效率呈"U"型关系。规模经营农户技术效率高于传统小户技术效率,传统小户技术效率高于传统大户技术效率。不同规模农户生产效率差异主要受土地经营规模、土地块均面积、土地租金和农户组织化程度影响显著。因此,建议通过土地适度规模经营、提升农户组织化水平、降低耕地流转成本等方式提高农户生产效率。

Based on the input and output data of 271 maize growers in Heilongjiang province,DEA-Tobit model was used to explore the relationship between scale of operation and production efficiency. The production efficiency of the traditional small farmer（ 0- 2 hm^2）,the traditional large farmer（ 2 - 6. 67 hm^2） and the scale operation farmer（ 6. 67 hm^2 above） was calculated and the effect of some factors such as organization level,scale operation level and land features of different scale farmers on production efficiency was investigated. Through the empirical analysis, ＂ U＂ type was the relationship between farmer scale of operation and production efficiency.The technical efficiency of the scale operation farmer was higher than that of the traditional small farmer. The technical efficiency of the traditional small farmer was higher than that of the traditional large farmer. Farmer ＇s production efficiency was mainly affected by the scale of operation,per area of the land,the rents and the organizational level. Therefore,it was suggested to improve the production efficiency of farmers by developing diversified agricultural agribusiness,raising the organizational degree of farmers,reducing the costs of cultivating land.