花生的药用成分及其提取分离技术的研究进展

Advance of medicinal ingredients in peanuts and their extraction technology

花生是全球重要的经济作物之一,但对花生资源的利用却并不充分,大多数仅仅作为油料作物,而花生资源中还含有许多有益于健康的药用成分。长期以来,花生秸秆一般被丢弃田间,榨油后的花生壳和红衣也被大量弃置。针对这些问题,笔者从药用成分的角度对花生资源的开发和利用进行综述,主要包括花生中药用成分的分类、加工技术以及微生物预处理对成分加工3个方面,尤其是花生废弃物如何通过微生物转化获得高附加值的药用成分。通过上述分析笔者指出,花生废弃物的微生物转化可能是今后花生资源利用的重要发展方向之一,这将促进花生资源的可持续综合利用。

Peanut is an important economic crop. Although there are rich peanut resources in China,the utilization and exploitation are not fully developed,especially the utilization of peanut medicinal ingredients,except the oil manufacture. Generally,straws of peanut are dumped directly in the field,and the shells and red clothes are abandoned after oil extracting.In fact,these processing wastes contain many beneficial medicinal ingredients. In this review,we discussed the development and utilization of peanut resources from the perspective of medicinal ingredients,focusing on three aspects including the classification,extraction technology and microbial transformation for peanut ingredients,especially how to obtain value-added medicinal ingredients from peanut wastes by microbial transformation. Based on the above analysis,we proposed that the microbial transformation would be an important development direction in peanut resources utilization,to promote the sustainable utilization of peanut resources.