不同含量碳水化合物饮食加运动对糖尿病前期人群心血管危险因素的影响

Effects of Diets with Different Carbohydrate Contents and Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People with Prediabetes

目的通过比较不同含量碳水化合物饮食配合北欧式行走对糖尿病前期人群心血管危险因素的影响,探讨安全有效的糖尿病前期干预方式。方法选取140例糖尿病前期人群作为研究对象,随机分为中碳水化合物饮食(MCh)组、低碳水化合物饮食(LCh)组、中碳水化合物饮食+运动(MCh+Ex)组以及低碳水化合物饮食+运动(LCh+AEx)组。分别在第0、3、6个月检测体质量、腰围、糖脂代谢等指标并进行比较。结果顺利完成6个月临床试验的人数分别为MCh组31例、MCh+AEx组28例、LCh组29例、LCh+AEx组27例。LCh及LCh+AEx干预对心血管危险因素(腰围、收缩压、血脂)均有不同程度改善(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001);单纯的MCh干预对体质量和血脂的作用有限,配合运动后上述作用则明显增强(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001)。结论MCh配合北欧式行走的干预方式对糖尿病前期人群的心血管危险因素有明显的改善作用且依从性高于LCh的干预方法,可以在糖尿病前期人群中推广。

Objective To observe the effects of diets with different carbohydrate contents and Nordic walking on cardiovascular risk factors in prediabetic population,and to explore the safe and effective interventions for prediabetes.Methods A total of 140 prediabetic subjects were randomly divided into four groups：moderate carbohydrate diet（MCh）group,low carbohydrate diet（LCh）group,moderate carbohydrate diet＋aerobic exercise（MCh＋AEx）group,and low carbohydrate diet＋aerobic exercise（LCh＋AEx）group.Body weight,waist circumference,glucose and lipid metabolism and other indicators were measured at 0,3 and 6 months.Results The number of subjects who successfully completed 6-month clinical trials was 31 in MCh group,28 in MCh＋AEx group,29 in LCh group,and 27 in LCh＋AEx group.Waist circumference,systolic blood pressure and blood lipid were improved by both LCh and LCh＋AEx（P〈0.05,P〈0.01 or P〈0.001）.MCh intervention alone had limited effect on body weight and blood lipid,but which were significantly improved by MCh＋AEx（P〈0.05,P〈0.01 or P〈0.001）.Conclusion The intervention with MCh and Nordic walking obviously improves the cardiovascular risk factors and leads to a higher compliance than LCh in people with prediabetes.Therefore,the combined intervention can be promoted in prediabetic population.