“一国两制”基本原则与国家制度统合

The Basic Principles of “One Country,Two Systems” and National System Integration

"一国两制"作为政治创见与制度创新,不仅提供了世界性范例,也为中国宪法学理论研究与实践开拓了新领域,其宪法价值显著。在"一国两制"从原则到现实的转换过程中,因"一国"与"两制"的磨合而引发的分歧客观存在。受传统政治思维定势的影响,过往的政治过程更多地聚焦于"两制"的博弈,而没有强化"一国"的大前提。因此,需要专注于"一国两制"的国家制度统合,如现行宪法作为国家法在特别行政区具有最高法律效力,对塑造国家认同与国家共识发挥独特功能。国家制度是国家统合的基础,基本法附件三中列举的"全国性法律"是制度统合的具体体现。有必要进一步完善与"一国两制"密切相关的国家制度,如国家宪法宣誓制度、全国性国民(公民)教育、两地居民的"国民待遇"、便捷的通关措施等。"一国"意味着国家制度的统合,是形成国家共识的法律保障,也是"两制"的必要前提。

As political creation and legal innovation,"One Country,Two Systems"not only provides an worldwide example with the way of peaceful solution to the legacy of history,but also expands the study of constitutional law in China,which endows it with significant constitutional value. From principle to practice,there are some different opinions between"One Country"and"Two Systems". Because of the influence of traditional political thinking,people pay more attention on"Two Systems"than"One Country",which needs to be corrected. We must focus on national system integration,for example,the current constitution is the law of the nation,so it has the highest legal effect all over the country including the special administrative regions,and it has the specific function for shaping national consensus and national identity. National system is the foundation of national integration,and Appendix III of the basic law is the concrete embodiment of national system integration. Therefore,it is essential to further improve the national systems closely related to"One Country,Two Systems",such as the constitutional oath system,national education system,national treatment of all residents and convenient clearing customs system,etc. "One Country"means national system integration,which is the legal protection of national consensus formation and a prerequisite for"Two Systems".