冀北山地白杄选优及种子园营建技术研究

Research on the Selection of Picea meyeri Rehd.et wils and Construction Technology of Seed Orchard in Northern area of Hebei Province

为了科学高效地营建白杄无性系种子园,以河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局龙头山国家重点落叶松良种基地的白杄为对象,通过野外调查的方法,对优树选择、嫁接方法、营建方式、定植浇灌方式、鼠害防治等关键技术进行研究。结果表明:优势木对比法选优,入选率为79.72%,属于中等水平,需进行大量补选;髓心形成层贴接法嫁接成活率为92.30%、顶芽劈接法成活率为36.02%,前者比后者提高56.3个百分点,前者平均新梢长7.61cm,后者平均新梢长3.55cm,前者是后者的2倍多,宜采用髓心形成层贴接法嫁接;先嫁接后造林成活率在87.10%以上,先造林后嫁接成活率仅为27.72%左右,采用先嫁接后造林的营建方式成活率较高;定植前浇透水成活率为91.66%,定植后浇透水成活率为72.33%,不浇水成活率为39.33%,定植前浇透水有利于苗木成活;混合药剂树干涂白方法保存率为93.40%,施放溴敌隆鼠药方法保存率为71.00%,不施放任何药物保存率为34.80%,混合药剂树干涂白方式防治鼠害效果较好。

In order to construct picea meyeri clonal seed orchard efficiently,the picea meyeri in larch seed base of Forestry Management Bureau of National Key Longtoushan in Mulanweichang of Hebei province was taken as the object, and the key technology like the selection of plus tree, the grafting method, construction method,irrigation methods, prevention and treatment of rodent colonization and other key technologies were studied through the methods of field investigation. The results show that： The rate of selection based on contrast method of dominant tree is 79.7%,which is belongs to the middle level and needs to be selected in large amount;the medullary cambium grafting grafting survival rate is 92.3%, the terminal bud splitconnection survival rate was 36%, 56.3% higher than the latter, the average new slightly longer 7.61 cm, the average new slightly3.55 cm long,the former is 2 times more than the latter,the medullary cambium grafting grafting first; after grafting survival rate above 87%, the first after afforestation, the grafting survival rate is only about 27.7%,59.3% higher than the latter,the construction method of first after grafting the survival rate is high; the water before planting,the survival rate was 91.66%,after planting,water the survival rate is 72.33%,not watering the survival rate was 39.33% the former than the latter,respectively increased by 19.33% and 52.33%,before planting water is conducive to seedling survival; mixed medicament stem white method preservation rate was 93.40%, cast method of preservation rate was 71% bromadiolone poison, do not cast any drug The retention rate was 34.80%, the former than the latter were increased by 22.4% and 58.6%, mixed medicament stem white way rodent control effect is good.