大庆油田化学驱提高采收率技术

Technologies of enhancing oil recovery by chemical flooding in Daqing Oilfield, NE China

通过跟踪分析大庆油田20世纪70年代以来开展的化学驱技术攻关实践,系统总结了所形成的化学驱理论、技术的适应性及存在问题,提出了未来的发展方向及思路。大庆油田在化学驱提高采收率技术方面,主要建立了低酸值原油形成超低界面张力的表面活性剂与原油匹配关系理论,自主研制出系列表面活性剂产品;形成化学驱注入参数优化及数值模拟等关键技术;发展了化学驱分质分层注入、清防垢采油、配注及采出液处理工艺,形成了配套的采油及地面工程技术。大庆油田化学驱应用效果显著,聚合物驱提高采收率12%,三元复合驱提高采收率18%。进一步提高化学驱采收率,可从3个方面开展攻关:(1)油藏表征由精细向精准发展;(2)提高采收率技术向智能、高效方向发展;(3)配套工艺向环保、高效、智能化发展。

By tracking and analyzing the research and practices of chemical flooding carried out in the Daqing Oilfield, NE China since the 1970s, the chemical flooding theory, technology adaptability and existing problems were systematically summarized, and directions and ideas of development in the future were proposed. In enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding, the Daqing Oilfield developed theories related to compatibility between crude oil and surfactant that may form ultra-low interfacial tensions with low-acidity oil, and a series of surfactant products were developed independently. The key technologies for chemical flooding such as injection parameter optimization and numerical simulation were established. The technologies of separation injection, cleansing and anti-scaling, preparation and injection, and produced liquid processing were developed. The matching technologies of production engineering and surface facilities were formed. Through implementation of chemical flooding, the Daqing Oilfield achieved outstanding performances with enhanced recovery rate of 12% in polymer flooding and with enhanced recovery rate of 18% in ASP flooding. To further enhance the oil recovery of chemical flooding, three aspects need to be studied： （1） fine characterization of reservoirs; （2） smart and efficient recovery enhancement technologies; （3） green, high-efficiency and smart matching processes.