中国碳酸盐岩油气藏开发理论与实践

Theories and practices of carbonate reservoirs development in China

针对中国碳酸盐岩油气田成藏模式多样、构造复杂、储集层差异大的特点,跟踪分析了中国20世纪50年代以来的开发技术攻关实践,系统总结了所形成的碳酸盐岩油气藏开发理论与技术,分析了其适应性与存在问题,在此基础上提出了未来的发展方向及思路。中国碳酸盐岩油气藏开发主要形成了:(1)碳酸盐岩储集层的成因机制、复杂介质复合流动机理理论;(2)以地球物理描述、离散缝洞建模方法为核心的储集体识别和描述技术;(3)自由流-渗流耦合的数值模拟方法及试井分析技术;(4)空间结构井网设计、变强度注水和堵水封窜为核心的注水开发和氮气单井吞吐提高采收率技术;(5)钻完井、酸化压裂增产技术。进一步实现碳酸盐岩油气藏高效开发,需要开展4个方面的攻关:(1)发展更高精度的复杂储集层描述技术;(2)研发多途径的油气藏提高采收率技术;(3)完善和发展超深层碳酸盐岩钻井、酸化压裂改造方法,大幅降低工程成本;(4)加强信息技术、大数据技术、云计算、人工智能与油气藏开发的融合,实现油田开发的智能化。

Carbonate reservoirs in China have the characteristics of diversified accumulation pattern, complex structure and varying reservoir conditions. Concerning these characteristics, this article tracks the technical breakthroughs and related practices since the 1950s, summarizes the developed theory and technologies of carbonate reservoir development, analyzes their adaptability and problems, and proposes their development trend. The following theory and technologies have come into being： （1） carbonate reservoir formation mechanisms and compound flow mechanisms in complex medium; （2） reservoir identification and description technologies based on geophysics and discrete fracture-vuggy modeling method; （3） well testing analysis technology and numerical simulation method of coupling free flow and porous media flow; （4） enhanced oil recovery techniques for nitrogen single well huff and puff, and water flooding development techniques with well pattern design in spatial structure, changed intensity water injection, water plugging and channel blocking as the core; （5） drilling and completion techniques, acid fracturing techniques and its production increasing techniques. To realize the efficient development of carbonate oil and gas reservoirs, researches in four aspects need to be done： （1） complex reservoir description technology with higher accuracy; （2） various enhanced oil recovery techniques; （3） improving the drilling method and acid fracturing method for ultra-deep carbonate reservoir and significantly cutting engineering cost; （4） strengthening the technological integration of information, big data, cloud computation, and artificial intelligence in oilfield development to realize the smart development of oilfield.