青藏高原和内蒙古高原典型草地植物叶片肾型和哑铃型气孔器气孔特征及其与环境的关系

Leaf Stomatal Characters of Kidney-shaped Stomata and Dumb-bell-shaped Stomata and Their Relationships with Environmental Factors in the Typical Plants of the Tibetan and Inner Mongolian Plateau

该研究利用植物制片技术,以中国青藏高原和内蒙古高原典型草地常见种或优势种植物的叶片为研究对象,通过比较分析叶片哑铃型气孔器和肾型气孔器的特征及其与环境因子的关系,揭示植物叶片两类气孔器对环境因子的响应策略。结果表明:(1)叶片哑铃型气孔器气孔指标的变异系数小于肾型气孔器。(2)叶片哑铃型气孔器气孔指标与环境气候指标的关系弱于肾型气孔器。(3)叶片哑铃型气孔器气孔特征与环境关系在叶片上下表面之间存在显著差异,而肾型气孔器气孔特征与环境因子的关系在叶片上下表面之间无显著差异。(4)叶片哑铃型气孔器的气孔特征与降水关系密切,而肾型气孔器气孔特征与温度关系密切。(5)同一种气孔器的气孔特征在两个地区(青藏高原和内蒙古高原)间存在显著差异。研究认为,肾型气孔器和哑铃型气孔器的气孔特征及其与环境之间的关系存在差异,在分析气孔特征时有必要将肾形与哑铃形保卫细胞形成的气孔器加以区分,该研究结果有助于进一步理解中国草地植物叶气孔特征对气候变化的响应与适应策略。

The stomatal characters of dominant grassland species in the Tibetan Plateau and Inner Mongolia Plateau were investigated by using plant micro-techniques.We aimed to disentangle the stomatal characters and their relationships with environmental factors and reveal the adaptation strategies in two types of stomatal apparatus,which are composed of kidney-shaped and dumb-bell-shaped guard cells.The results showed：（1）the coefficient of variation of stomatal characters of dumb-bell-shaped stomatal apparatus was smaller than that of kidney-shaped stomatal apparatus.（2）The relationships between stomatal characters of dumb-bell-shaped stomatal apparatus and environmental factors were weaker than that of kidney-shaped stomatal apparatus.（3）The environmental factors showed different effects on the adaxial and abaxial stomatal characters in dumb-bell-shaped stomatal apparatus,while in kidney-shaped stomatal apparatusthere were no different effects on the adaxial and abaxial stomatal characters.（4）The stomatal characters were closely correlated to precipitation in dumb-bell-shaped stomatal apparatus,while in kidney-shaped stomatal apparatus they were closely correlated to temperature.（5）The stomatal characters of the same stomata had significant differences in the two regions（Tibetan and Inner Mongolia Plateau）.We came to the conclusion that there were significant differences in stomatal characters and the relationships with environmental factors between kidney-shaped and dumb-bell-shaped stomatal apparatus.The results indicate that it is necessary to distinguish the types of stomata when analyzing stomatal characters,and will be helpful for further understanding the adaptation strategies of leaf stomatal characters of grassland plants in China under the background of global climate change.