贺兰山东麓葡萄自然越冬抗寒性观察

Observation of cold resistance on grape with unprotected overwintering at the eastern foot of the Helan Mountain

本文通过对贺兰山东麓葡萄越冬期间和霜冻日温度等指标测定,调查分析自然越冬霜冻后3个酿酒葡萄、11个鲜食葡萄品种的植株存活率、节位芽眼萌发、节位着穗状况,认为宁夏贺兰山东麓越冬期间1~2月致死温度区累积时数合计61 h,耦合低的空气相对湿度与晚霜的频发是导致葡萄自然越冬存活率低的主要外部原因。数据显示,贺兰山东麓种植的‘霞多丽’‘赤霞珠’‘马瑟兰’抗寒性差,且存活品种植株主要为主蔓根茎地表萌发再生,不适宜自然越冬栽培;鲜食葡萄品种植株存活百分率在50%以上的品种为‘摩尔多瓦’‘玫瑰香’‘夏黑’。对指导葡萄材料覆盖越冬防寒栽培,自然越冬栽培品种选择有现实指导意义。

Temperatures of over wintering and frost day were recorded at the eastern foot of the Helan Mountain in Ningxia, and the grape survival rate, the node buds sprout rate, and the node bunching rate index were comprehensive analysed in which three grape wine cultivars and eleven table grape cultivars. It was considered that the low survival rate was caused by the lethal temperature zone from January to February during the overwintering period of Helan Mountain was 61 h, and relative to low environmental relative humidity, frequently frost-freezing. The data showed that the grapevine survival rate of the ＇Chardonnay＇ ＇Cabernet Sauvignon＇ ＇Marselan＇ had poor cold resistance, the survival grapevine mainly the sprout buds grew from grapevine close to the ground and were not suitable for natural wintering cultivation; the table grape varieties in which the grapevine survival rate surpassed 50% were ＇Moldova＇ ＇Muscat Hamburg＇ and ＇Summer Black＇. The results had practical guiding significance for guiding the wintering cultivation of grape materials and the selection of naturally overwintering varieties.