华北坝上寒旱区播期与设施育苗移栽对秋白菜的防春化效果

Study on vernalization prevention of autumn cabbage by transplanting seedling and transplanting in Bashang cold and arid area of North China

解决低温敏感型的秋白菜品种在华北坝上寒旱区生产的未熟抽薹问题,是区域蔬菜生产结构调整与丰富夏秋季市场大白菜供应的迫切需求。选择秋白菜代表性品种‘北京新三号’和‘秋绿60’,设置不同播期与温棚育苗移栽、露地直播田间试验,考察不同品种大白菜的中心柱分化、未熟抽薹状况以及商品产量效应。结果表明在华北坝上寒旱区,‘秋绿60’播后20 d日均温达到22℃即可抑制中心柱抽薹发育,‘北京新三号’则需要高于23.5℃。温棚育苗可有效遏制秋大白菜春化发育,但移栽大白菜产量低于同期露地直播生产。在华北坝上寒旱区,预防秋大白菜生产未熟抽薹问题,保证播后20 d内日均温达到23.5℃以上,是设施高温育苗或露地择期直播的技术关键。

It is necessary to solve the problem of immature sprouting and coating of the varieties of Chinese cabbage（Brassica campestris L.） with low temperature sensitivity in the cold and arid area in Bashang of North China, which is a serious need to adjust the structure of regional vegetable production and to enrich the supply of Chinese cabbage in summer and autumn market. The representative varieties of Chinese cabbage in autumn,‘Beijing New No.3’ and ‘Autumn Green 60’ were selected and planted in different sowing dates and in warm greenhouse. The field experiment was conducted to investigate the central column differentiation, the condition of unripe heading and the commodity yield of different varieties of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that in the cold and arid area of Bashang, the development of central pillar sprouting of ‘Autumn Green 60’ could be inhibited at the average temperature of 22℃ in 20 days after sowing, while the average temperature of ‘Beijing New No.3’ needed to be higher than 23.5℃. The vernalization of autumn Chinese cabbage was effectively restrained by greenhouse nursery, but the yield was lower than that of field direct seeding in the same period. In the cold and arid area of Bashang in North China, the key technology to prevent the immature heading and coating of autumn Chinese cabbage production was to ensure that the daily average temperature more than 23.5 ℃ within 20 days after sowing, which was the key technology for high temperature seedling raising in facilities or selective direct seeding in open field.