自闭症儿童对家庭的影响及家庭应对策略:基于文献回顾的理解框架

The Influence of Autistic Children on Families and the Coping Strategies: An Understanding Framework Based on Literature Review

儿童被诊断为自闭症是引发压力的家庭事件,其影响持续而深远的。自闭症儿童给父母带来精神压力与角色压力,并进一步影响夫妻关系、亲子关系以及兄弟姐妹关系。家庭的应对策略包括:在家庭内部,家长调整对儿童的期望以及夫妻关系、家庭分工的调整;在家庭外部,家长寻求社会支持、进行政策倡导或者寻求组织化的努力等。在分析自闭症儿童对家庭及其成员的影响及家庭照顾和应对策略的基础上,构建了自闭症儿童对家庭影响的理解框架,这一框架同样对社会工作实务具有启发意义。

Children diagnosed with autism will bring stress to the families, and the effects are sustained and farreaching. Autistic children bring mental pressure and role stress to their parents, and further affect the relationship between husband and wife, parent-child relationship, and sibling relationship. The family coping strategy can be executed from two aspects： internally, adjustment of the relationship between husband and wife,adaption of expectations for the children, re-planning family division within the family; and externally, families can seek social support, doing policy advocacy or seeking organization. Based on the above analysis, a framework is built to understand the influence to families, which is also useful for social work in the practical work process.