英美国家社工参与弱势儿童福利照顾体系及启示——基于技术治理的视角

Study on the Participation of British and American Social Workers in the Welfare Care System for Vulnerable Children and its Enlightenment: From the Perspective of Technocracy

英美国家弱势儿童社会服务建立在需求分类基础之上,具体类型包括照管儿童服务、分离关怀服务、残障儿童家庭喘息服务以及无家可归儿童的多样化安置服务等。社会工作者在其中发挥个别化、精准化、应急化以及道德激励等独特优势。技术治理视角在英美国家弱势儿童社会工作服务的评估环节体现明显,但在个别化、全面性方面回应不够,且存在忽视伦理以及困扰服务对象等缺陷。因此,我国社会工作专业发展应该认清"唯指标化""唯科学化"弊端,平衡社工专业服务的科学性与艺术性;强化需求方在评估过程中的参与;注重对一线社会工作者的专业支持与多元关怀。

The social services for the vulnerable children in U.K and U.S.A are based on the Demand classifications. The social services include various services for the looked-after children, the leaving children, the disabled children accessing short breaks and the homeless children, and the social workers have unique advantages, such as individualization, precision, emergency, and moral motivation.the concept of technocracy is obvious during the assessment on the social work service for the vulnerable children. However, there are shortcomings for the technocracy, such as lacking of individualization and overall response, the neglect of ethics,and bothering service objects. There are three implications of the perspective of technocracy on the development of the social work in China. Recognizing the disadvantages of putting too much emphasis on scientific methods and index and balance the scientific and artistic quality of the profession, strengthening the participation of the demand side in the assessment process and giving more professional support and multiple care to the front-line social workers in China.