中国文论在俄罗斯

Chinese Literary Theory in Russia

俄罗斯人真正意义上的中国文论研究始于1916年阿列克谢耶夫的《司空图的〈诗品〉译注与研究》,该著在方法论和研究原则上为俄罗斯的中国文论奠定了基础,还确立了东西方文化比较研究的合理性。20世纪50年代以来,随着苏联对中国古典文学的关注,中国文论研究进一步推进。20世纪60年代以来,俄罗斯汉学家关注自《诗大序》至19世纪下半叶桐城派理论、乃至20世纪初中国学者在现代学术视角下所关照的中国古典文论,将中国文论与俄罗斯文学理论、苏联文艺学理论相结合,中国文论不仅成为苏联高等教育体系中关于古代东方文学的重要内容,中国文论中所体现的美学思想,也是苏联高等教育体系中关于美学思想史的重要内容。20世纪80年代苏联科学院推出举世瞩目的《世界文学史》,相关章节中系统阐述了中国古代文论思想。在汉学家的推动之下,被提升到美学思想范畴的中国的文论思想,也为苏联哲学界所接受,在苏联科学院哲学所推出的经典的《美学思想史》中,从哲学美学的角度,系统介绍中国文论思想。苏联解体以来,中国文论研究被纳入文化学研究的视野,把中国文论看作理解中国文学的基本原则,把中国文学当作中国文化的基本文本,将中国文化看成世界文化宝库中不可分割的一部分。彰显了中国文论的现代价值、突显了中国文化的世界意义。

The study of Chinese literary theory by Russians in a real sense started with V.M.Alexeev' s Annotation and Study of Sikong Tu' s Twenty-Four Grades of Poetry in 1916,which not only laid the foundation for the Chinese literary theory in Russia in terms of methodology and research principles,but also rationalized the comparative study of Eastern and Western cultures.Since the 1950 s when the Soviet Union began to pay attention to Chinese classical literature,the study of Chinese literary theory has been further advanced in Russia.Since the 1960 s,Russian sinologists have focused on the ancient Chinese literary theory from The Great Preface to the Book of Odes,the Tongcheng School of literary prose in second half of the 19 th century,Chinese scholars' research from the modern academic perspective in the 20 th century,and so on.Those sinologists combined Chinese literary theory with Russian literary theory and Soviet theory of literature and art.Thus,Chinese literary theory became an important part of ancient Eastern literature in the Soviet higher education system,and the aesthetic thought embodied in Chinese literary theory is an important part of the history of aesthetic thought in the Soviet higher education system.In the1980 s,the Academy of Sciences of the USSR published the remarkable History of World Literature,the relevant chapters of which systematically expounded the ideas of ancient Chinese literary theory.Furthermore,the Chinese literary theory was involved in the category of aesthetic thoughts by the Soviet philosophers.In The History of Aesthetic Thought introduced by the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR,the Chinese literary theory was systematically examined from the perspective of philosophical aesthetics.The study of Chinese literary theory has adopted the perspective of culturological studies since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.Therefore,Chinese literary theory has been regarded as the basic principle for understanding Chinese literature,Chinese literature has been considered as the basic texts for understanding the Chinese culture,and the Chinese culture has been viewed as an insepa-rable part of world culture and has been understood as a whole.The paper examines the Russian scholars' studies of the Chinese literary theory during the Soviet period and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in order to demonstrate the modern value of Chinese literary theory and highlight the implications of the Chinese culture for the world.