Ⅰ型胶原诱导骨髓间充质干细胞及成骨细胞的成骨分化机制

Type Ⅰ collagen induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the mechanism of osteogenesis

背景:Ⅰ型胶原为骨组织细胞外基质的主要成分,多项研究表明其具有诱导成骨分化的能力,其在骨组织矿化过程中起着重要的作用,目前生物材料领域正致力研究替代Ⅰ型胶原的仿生材料。目的:综述Ⅰ型胶原诱导成骨的机制,在生物矿化过程中的作用及在牵张成骨过程中的实时表达。方法:检索CNKI数据库和Pub Med数据库检索1990至2017年期间关于Ⅰ型胶原诱导成骨、牵张成骨Ⅰ型胶原表达及生物矿化的文章,检索词分别为"Ⅰ型胶原(Ⅰ型胶原蛋白),骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,牵张成骨,生物矿化"和"type Ⅰ collagen,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblast,distraction osteogenesis,mineralization",最后选择58篇文章纳入结果分析。结果与结论:(1)Ⅰ型胶原诱导骨髓间充质干细胞及成骨细胞成骨分化主要通过胶原-整合素信号通道;(2)在牵张成骨早期Ⅰ型胶原分泌较少,中后期分泌较多,成为细胞外主要基质;(3)矿化机制目前主流2种学说:Ⅰ型胶原在生物矿化中起到模板支架作用,引导钙盐沉积、矿化;无定形磷酸钙无机质渗入胶原纤维之间,由非晶体状态转为晶体状态,形成定向排列晶体结构。

BACKGROUND： Type I collagen is the main component of the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Numerous studies have shown that it has the ability to induce osteogenic differentiation, and plays an important role in the process of bone mineralization. Currently, bionic materials are being developed as an alternative to type I collagen in the field of biological materials. OBJECTIVE： To review the mechanism of osteogenesis induced by type I collagen, the role of type I collagen in the biomineralization process, and the real-time expression of type I collagen during distraction osteogenesis. METHODS： With the key words of “type I collagen, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblast, distraction osteogenesis, mineralization” in Chinese and English, we performed a computer-based search in CNKI and PubMed database for relevant articles published from 1990 to 2017. Finally, 58 eligible articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Type I collagen induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts mainly through collagen-integrin signaling pathways. In the early stage of distraction osteogenesis, type I collagen is less secreted, but the secretion increases in the middle and later stages, eventually becoming the main component of extracellular matrix. There are two mainstream theories of mineralization mechanisms： （1） Type I collagen plays a role as a template scaffold in biomineralization, guiding the deposition and mineralization of calcium. （2） Amorphous calcium phosphate infiltrates between collagen fibers and changes from amorphous to crystalline state, forming an aligned crystal structure.