颏下皮瓣的应用解剖研究

Applied Anatomy of Submental Flap

目的对颏下皮瓣进行解剖学研究,为颏下皮瓣的手术操作提供解剖学数据。方法选取2014年9月—2017年9月年间贵州医科大学解剖教研室5具10侧10%甲醛固定的成人头颈标本,解剖并测量颏下动脉的外径、分支、走行与周围组织的关系、两侧颏下动脉在颈前的交通。结果 (1)颏下动脉是面动脉颈部的最大分支,颏下动脉起始点的外径为(1.68±0.32)mm,距面动脉起始处的距离为(26.55±4.29)mm,距下颌下缘的距离为(8.07±1.74)mm,发出点距颈正中的距离为(62.98±3.77)mm,其全长(47.47±5.87)mm。(2)颏下动脉沿途发出肌支、腺支、皮支等分支,发出皮支(2.40±0.51)条,皮支外径(0.67±0.87)mm。最粗大的皮支距颏下动脉起始点的距离为(2.30±0.55)cm,此皮支同时也是颏下动脉营养颈阔肌的主要来源。(3)两侧颏下动脉通过皮穿支及二腹肌支在真皮下及颈正中相吻合。结论颏下动脉位置恒定,颏下皮瓣血运可靠。

Objective An anatomical study of the submental flap provides anatomical data for the surgical operation of the submental flap. Methods From September 2014 to September 2017, five 10% formalin-fixed adult head and neck specimens from the Department of Anatomy, Guizhou Medical University were selected to dissect and measure the outer diameter, branch, walking, and the relationship with the surrounding tissue of the infrapatellar artery, hffraorbital artery traffic in front of the neck. Results ①The inferior iliae artery was the largest branch of the facial artery. The outer di-ameter of the starting point of the infraorbital artery was （1.68±0.32） mm, and the distance from the facial artery was （26.55±4.29） mm, which was from the lower edge of the mandible. The distance was （8.07±1.74） mm, and the distance from the middle point of the issuing point to the neck was （62.98±3.77） mm, and the total length thereof was （47.47±5.87） mm.②Branches of the infraorbital artery were sent along the branches of muscles, glands, and branches of the skin, and cutaneous branches （2.40±0.51） were issued. The outer diameter of the skin branches was （0.67±0.87） mm. The distance between the thickest cutaneous branch and the starting point of the inferior phrenie artery was （2.30±0.55） em. This cutaneous branch was also the main source of the iliae platysma in the infraorbital artery.③The infrapatellar arteries on both sides were matched by dermal perforator and digastrie muscle branch in the dermis and neck. Conclu-sion The position of the submental artery is constant, and the submental flap is reliable in blood supply.