不同年龄段女性相关部位骨密度与排球运动的相关性

Correlation of volleyball exercise with bone mineral density in females at different ages

背景:目前研究表明虽然不同类型的运动对骨密度的影响程度不同,但是在运动能够提高骨密度这一问题上已经达成共识。目的:探讨排球运动对女性骨密度的影响以及女性骨密度的年龄和侧别差异。方法:受试者共计112人,分为青年实验组20人,青年对照组20人,中年实验组20人,中年对照组18人,老年实验组18人,老年对照组16人。实验组是来自于高校的排球教师或长期坚持排球运动的女教师。对照组也是高校女教师,但是几乎没接触过排球运动。采用美国GE公司生产的Prodigy Advance型双能X射线骨密度仪对受试者的左右桡骨远端1/3处和腰椎(L_2-L_4)的骨密度进行骨密度测定。利用SPSS20.0数据统计软件对所得数据进行Independent-Sample T Test和one-way ANOVA。结果与结论:(1)桡骨骨密度在相同年龄段实验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),青年实验组显著高于青年对照组(P<0.05);(2)老年段腰椎(L_2-L_4)骨密度实验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(3)各观察指标在老年组和其他两组之间差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);(4)结果说明,排球运动对女性桡骨和腰椎骨密度都有良好的作用,尤其是右侧桡骨;该运动对青年女性两侧桡骨骨密度的影响具有不对称性,这可能与两侧手臂所受的运动负荷不同有关;排球运动能够有效延缓老年人骨量的丢失。

BACKGROUND： It has been shown that different types of exercise can enhance bone mineral density in different degrees.OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of volleyball exercise on bone mineral density in females and its age and side differences. METHODS： Totally 112 participants were divided into young experimental（n=20） and control（n=20） groups, middle-aged experimental（n=20） and control（n=18） groups, and elderly experimental（n=18） and control（n=16） groups. The participants in each experimental group were the female volleyball teachers or those females who performed long-term volleyball exercise, while those in each control group were female teachers, but almost no contact with volleyball. The bone mineral density of the bilateral distal radius 1/3 and L2-L4 vertebrae was measured using Prodigy type Advance dual energy X-ray absorptiometry produced by the United States GE company. Independent-Sample T Test and one-way ANOVA were performed on SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The bone mineral density of the radius in the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control groups at each age bracket（P〈0.05）. The L2-L4 bone mineral density in the elderly experimental group was significantly higher than that in the elderly control group（P〈0.05）. The observation indexes were significantly different in the elderly and the other two age bracket groups（P〈0.05）. These results imply that volleyball exercise has a positive effect on the bone mineral density of radius especially the right radius and lumbar in females. The effect of this exercise on the bone mineral density of radius is different between two sides due to different exercise loads on two arms and lumbar spine in females. Moreover, volleyball exercise can effectively delay the loss of bone mass in the older adults.