等速肌力测试单关节或关节链不同运动模式以及运动角速度下的肌力参数

Muscle strength parameters of single joint or joint chain under different motion modes and angular velocities by isokinetic muscle test

背景:目前对网球运动员等速肌力测试,集中在成年网球运动员,测试部位多为肩关节或单个关节,缺乏大样本针对青少年男子网球运动员下肢关节不同角速度等速肌力的报道。目的:分析青少年男子网球运动员下肢关节肌力特征,分析不同角速度测试数据变化规律。方法:德国产IsoM ed 2000等速肌力测试仪,对162名青少年男子网球运动员双侧髋、膝和踝关节进行屈伸模式等速肌力测试:60(°)/s(绝对力)5次,240(°)/s(爆发力)25次。受试者左、右侧相对峰力矩、拮抗/主动肌比、异侧同名肌力比和肌耐力参数进行配对样本t检验。结果与结论:(1)相对峰力矩:髋关节左侧屈肌爆发力显著大于右侧(P<0.05),右侧伸肌爆发力非常显著大于左侧(P<0.01);膝关节左侧屈、伸绝对力和屈肌爆发力显著大于右侧(P<0.05);踝关节左侧屈肌爆发力显著大于右侧(P<0.05);(2)下肢不同角速度峰力矩比值:髋、膝和踝关节屈肌绝对力比值为1.6∶1.4∶1;伸肌绝对力比值为10.8∶7.4∶1;屈肌爆发力为1.3∶1.2∶1;伸肌爆发力为9.2∶8.2∶1;(3)拮抗/主动肌比:绝对力测试中髋、膝和踝关节分别为0.56,0.73和3.86;爆发力测试中髋、膝和踝关节分别为0.65,0.60和4.66;髋和踝关节左右侧爆发力差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(4)下肢异侧同名肌力比:差异在10%-20%为的膝关节屈肌绝对力,髋和踝伸肌爆发力;(5)下肢肌肉耐力水平:左、右髋关节的屈、伸肌群耐力比较,左、右膝关节伸肌群耐力比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);左右踝关节屈、伸肌群耐力比较差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01);(6)结论:随着测试角速度的增加,青少年男子网球运动员双侧髋、膝和踝关节屈、伸相对峰力矩减小,下肢屈伸肌相对峰力矩表现为髋>膝>踝;青少年男子网球运动员,踝关节快速伸的爆发能力变化较髋、膝关节大。髋、踝关节屈伸爆发力的异侧同名肌力差异显著,建议加强右侧髋关节屈肌爆发力练习;青少年男子网球运动员髋关节屈伸耐力相对较好,建议增加踝关节伸肌、膝关节屈伸肌耐力练习。

BACKGROUND： The isokinetic muscle strength test is mainly performed in adult tennis players, and the main tested parts are shoulder joint or single joint. There is a lack of large-sample report on the isokinetic muscle strength of the lower limb joints at different angular velocities in young male tennis players. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the properties of the muscle strength of lower limb joints in young tennis players, and to investigate the changes of the test data at different angular velocities. METHODS： Totally 162 young male tennis players were enrolled to perform isokinetic muscle strength test on bilateral hips, knee and ankle joints using Iso Med 2000：（60（°）/s（absolute force）, 5 times, and 240（°）/s（explosive force）, 25 times. The relative peak torque, the antagonistic/active muscle ratio, the heteronymous muscle strength ratio and the muscle endurance index of the left and right sides were analyzed using paired t test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The relative peak torque of left hip flexor burst was significantly higher than that of the right hip flexor burst（P〈0.05）, and the right extensor explosive force was significantly higher than that of the left side（P〈0.01）. The left knee flexion, absolute force and explosive force of flexor were significantly larger than those of the right side（P〈0.05）. The left ankle flexor power was significantly higher than that of the right side（P〈0.05）. The ratio of peak torque of the lower limb at different angular velocities： the hip, knee and ankle joint flexor force absolute ratio was 1.6 ： 1.4 ： 1. The ratio of the absolute force of the extensor was 10.8 ： 7.4 ： 1. The flexor force of the hip, knee and ankle joints was 1.3 ： 1.2 ： 1. The explosive force of the extensor was 9.2 ： 8.2 ： 1. Antagonistic/active muscle ratio： the hip, knee and ankle joints were 0.56, 0.73, and 3.86 in the absolute force test, respectively. The hip, knee and ankle joints were 0.65, 0.60 and 4.66, respectively in the explosive force test. There were significant differences in the explosive force between left and right sides of the hip and ankle joints（P〈0.05）. The heteronymous muscle strength ratio： 10%-20% difference was in the flexor absolute force and knee hip and ankle extensor explosive force. The level of muscular endurance of the lower extremities： the tolerance of the extensor group showed significant difference between left and right knee joints（P〈0.05）. The differences were significant in the flexion and extensor groups between left and right ankle joints（P〈0.01）. These results indicate that with the angular velocity increasing, the relative peak torque of bilateral hip and knee and ankle flexor and extensor was reduced in young male tennis players. The order of lower limb flexion and extension muscle peak torque was hip 〉knee 〉ankle. Moreover, the explosive force changes of ankle at rapid extension were obvious than those of hip and knee joint. There are significant differences in the heteronymous muscle strength ratio in the hip and ankle joint flexion and extension explosive force, so it is recommended to strengthen the flexor explosive force of the right hip joint. The hip flexion and extension endurance in young male tennis players is relatively good, and therefore, the endurance exercise of ankle extensor and knee flexor should be trained more.