美国转换性使用规则研究及对我国的启示——以大规模数字化与数字图书馆建设为视角

A Study on the Rule of Transformative Use in U.S. and Its Implications to China——From the Perspective of Mass Digitization and Construction of Digital Libraries

大规模数字化的合法性一直是人们关注和研究的热点问题,美国司法机构在版权纠纷判例中采用的转换性使用规则,对认定大规模数字化的合法性起着重要的作用。大规模数字化与数字图书馆的功能契合,有助于图书馆保存作品、公众检索和获取作品以及对图书和读者信息进行大数据分析,因此大规模数字化的合法化有利于数字图书馆建设和文化创新发展。我国在合理使用制度中应借鉴转换性使用规则,侧重考量使用目的对原创目的的转换,兼顾权利人和社会公众的利益,推动数字图书馆的发展。

The legitimacy of the mass digitization has been a hot topic of concern and research. The rule of transformative use adopted by the judicial body of the United States in copyright disputes has played an important role in assessing the legitimacy of mass digitization. The function of mass digitization fits with that of digital libraries, which helps to preserve, search and access works, as well as to implementing big data analysis on the information of books and readers. Therefore, legitimizing the mass digitization benefits the construction of digital libraries and enhancement of cultural innovation. China should adopt the rule of transformative use with the focus on transformation of the original purpose to a different purpose and balance the rights holders＇ interests with the public users＇ to promote the development of digital libraries.