从孟子哲学中的两性之别观儒家家国差序格局

A Discussion on the Pattern of Family and Country in Confucianism from Mencius Perspective of Gender

孟子认为"色"乃人性之本,在"色"与"礼"的关系上,以上位的"仁"为根本原则;孟子从婚姻血缘关系出发,认为男女结合应该符合"礼"的要求,但是对于两者结合的规范也有灵活的应对,总体上对男女结合持积极的态度。虽然孟子出妻在一定程度上反映了当时已经出现的家庭中男主女从、男尊女卑的现象,但是孟子尊母则反映了母亲这一女性角色的特殊之处以及儒家对孝悌观念的重视,在事亲礼仪的秩序上,对待父母并无差别。建立在"仁"与"礼"基础之上的两性相处之道,是以孟子为代表的儒家家国同构关系的秩序体现,孟子正是围绕家国秩序的根本格局从而对男女两性进行性别定位。

In Mencius opinion,＂Se＂is the basis of human nature. On the relationship between＂Se＂and＂Li＂,the principle of＂Ren＂is the fundamental principle. From the relationship between marriage and blood,Mencius thinks that the combination of men and women should conform to the requirements of ＂Li＂,but the norms for the combination of the two are also flexible. Generally speaking,we should take a positive attitude towards the combination of men and women. Although Mencius＇ wife＇s departure to some extent reflects the phenomenon of male and female inferiority in the family that has appeared at that time,the mother of Mencius reflects the special features of the female role of the mother and the emphasis on the Confucian concept of filial piety,and there is no difference between father and mother in the order of the etiquette. On the basis of＂Ren＂and＂Li＂,Mencius,from the perspective of gender,views the positions of men and women on the pattern of family and country.