公众幸福感视角下环境污染的影响及定价研究

Study on the influence and pricing of environmental pollution in the perspective of public happiness

文章通过匹配省级环境污染数据和中国综合社会调查个人幸福感数据,分析空气污染和水污染对幸福感的影响。结果表明,NO2浓度上升与废水排放量增加均会显著降低幸福感,且NO_2浓度对幸福感的负面效应更加显著与稳健。异质性分析表明空气污染对于城乡居民并未表现出显著差别,但对东中部居民有显著负影响;水污染对城市与东部居民的负面影响更大。客观环境污染对主观环境感知不严重人群的负面影响更加显著。空气污染对中底层人群和环境知识中高等人群的负面影响更大;水污染对中层人群和环境知识中等人群的负面影响更显著。通过生活满意度定价法对NO2和废水排放量进行定价,结果表明NO2浓度每降低1μg/m^3,废水排放量每减少1亿吨,居民的平均支付意愿分别为3 239.30元和2 347.37元。

The study uses the happiness data from the China General Social Survey to analyze the relationship between environmental pollution and subjective happiness. Findings reveal that the rise of the concentration of NO2 and the increase of the amount of waste water will decrease the subjective happiness significantly. The result of heterogeneity analysis shows that air pollution for urban and rural residents did not show significant differences,but there is significant negative impact on Eastern residents and Central residents.The effect of water pollution on happiness is a greater negative among residents who lived in the city or in the east of China. The result also suggests that the effect of environmental pollution on happiness is more significant among residents with lower perception of pollution. These improvements are valued at about 3 239. 30 yuan for one microgram per cubic meter in the case of NO2 and about 2 347. 37 yuan for 100 million tons in the case of waste water.