反思环保法庭制度化发展之正当性

Reflection on the legitimacy of institutionalized development of environmental tribunal

由于案件受理数量过少,基于"审判专业性"和"审判统一性"的论证结果表明环保法庭的设立多流于形式,制度化发展欠缺正当性基础。并且,从经济学视角看,与其他环境规制手段(包括环境行政)相比,环境司法的制度效率较低,治理优势并不明显。由于司法资源有限,司法制度对环境司法需求具有客观而必要的抑制作用。依据公共选择理论,除环境治理需求,环保法庭制度化发展的实际推动力源自法院内部治理、回应司法改革政策等自身利益诉求。在环境司法改革朝向更加精细和纵深方向发展之际,对前述问题的清醒认识是避免司法能动变盲动的重要理念性前提。

Due to the fact that the number of cases accepted is too small,based on the argumentation of＂trial professionalism＂ and ＂ trial unity＂, results show that the establishment of environmental court is mostly formalized, and its institutionalized development lacks legitimacy basis. Moreover, from the perspective of economic analysis,compared with other means of dispute resolution（ including environmental administration）,the environmental judicial governance is lack of efficiency and its advantages are not obvious. Due to the limited judicial resources,the judicial system has an objective and necessary restraining effect on environmental judicial needs. Based on the theory of public choice,besides the need of environmental governance,the actual impetus for the institutionalized development of environmental court is internal governance,response to judicial reform policies and other interest demands. In the occasion of judicial reform moving towards a more precise and deep development,a clear understanding of the problems is vital to avoiding judicial activism becoming blind.